Adobe AD0-E716 Adobe Commerce Developer Expert Exam Practice Test

According to the Plugins (Interceptors) guide for Magento 2 developers, plugins are class methods that modify the behavior of public class methods by intercepting them and running code before, after, or around them. However, some classes in Magento 2 implement the NoninterceptableInterface interface, which prevents plugins from being generated for them. The Magento\Framework\App\cache\Proxy class is one of them, as it extends from Magento\Framework\ObjectManager\NoninterceptableInterface. Therefore, the plugin is not executing as expected because the target class implements NoninterceptableInterface. Verified References:

The Content Security Policy (CSP) in Adobe Commerce (Magento) restricts the types of content that can be loaded on a page to protect against malicious attacks, such as cross-site scripting (XSS). When an iframe is added, and a JavaScript library is loaded from an external source, these resources must be whitelisted explicitly using the csp_whitelist.xml file.

In this specific case:

The frame-src directive controls the sources from which iframes can be embedded. Since the developer is embedding an iframe from an external domain, they need to whitelist this domain for frame-src.

The script-src directive controls the sources from which JavaScript files can be loaded. The external JavaScript library must be whitelisted under script-src to allow it to execute.

Therefore, the correct policy IDs to whitelist are:

frame-src: to allow the embedding of content from an external domain in an iframe.

script-src: to allow the loading and execution of JavaScript files from the external domain.

Here’s how to update the csp_whitelist.xml file with the correct directives:

Replace your-external-domain.com with the actual domain of the external iframe and JavaScript source.

Additional Resources:

Adobe Commerce Developer Guide: Content Security Policy (CSP)

CSP Policies and Directives: Explanation of all supported CSP directives and how to configure them.

The combination of a large number of products, categories, and stores directly affects the flat catalog indexing process. Each product needs to be indexed across all categories and stores, which exponentially increases the data size of the index tables. This can significantly slow down the frontend updates after a full product import due to the high volume of data that needs to be processed.

Impact on Flat Catalog and Indexing:

In Magento, flat catalog tables are used to optimize product data retrieval, especially in stores with a large catalog. However, with high numbers of products, categories, and stores, the flat catalog tables become massive, making them slower to update.

In this scenario, the system must create and maintain an entry for each product in each store across every category, leading to a substantial volume of data.

Why Option A is Correct:

This combination (products, categories, stores) is known to cause performance issues in indexing and data storage. It impacts the catalog indexes, which are critical for reflecting updates on the frontend.

Options B and C do not directly relate to the delay after product imports. Option B involves customer-related data, and Option C is related to price indexing, which affects a different area.

Optimization Recommendations:

Consider disabling the flat catalog and leveraging Elasticsearch for product and category search and filtering. Additionally, increasing server resources or partitioning the data could help optimize performance.

References:

Adobe Commerce documentation on Index Management

Magento DevDocs on Performance Optimization

In Adobe Commerce Cloud, routing configurations for custom domains and subdomains are managed within the .magento/routes.yaml file. This file defines how requests are directed to the application and is essential for setting up different stores or websites with unique subdomains.

Using .magento/routes.yaml for Subdomain Configuration:

To set up a new subdomain, like secondstore.example.com, you need to configure the route in .magento/routes.yaml. This file handles all routing and domain configurations for Adobe Commerce Cloud projects.

Why Option C is Correct:

.magento/routes.yaml is designed specifically for defining routing rules, including subdomains, making it the appropriate choice for this task.

Option A (NGINX configuration) and Option B (.magento/services.yaml) are not correct because they don’t directly manage domain routing in Adobe Commerce Cloud.

Example Configuration:

type: upstream

upstream: "mymagento:80"

References:

Adobe Commerce Cloud documentation on Configuring routes.yaml

The developer can turn on outgoing emails on an Adobe Commerce Cloud Staging environment by accessing the Project Web Interface and selecting the Staging environment. Then, the developer can select Configure environment and toggle Outgoing emails On. This will enable the SMTP service for the Staging environment and allow emails to be sent from the application. Verified References: [Magento 2.4 DevDocs] 1

In Adobe Commerce Cloud, email functionality for Staging and Production environments can be controlled through the Project Web Interface. To enable outgoing emails, you can toggle the setting from within the environment configuration.

Using the Project Web Interface:

Navigate to the Project Web Interface, select the Staging environment, and configure the environment settings. Here, you can enable or disable outgoing emails with a simple toggle.

Why Option C is Correct:

This method directly interacts with Adobe Commerce Cloud's environment settings through the GUI. Options A and B are not valid commands in Adobe Commerce Cloud for enabling SMTP or email.

References:

Adobe Commerce Cloud documentation on Managing Email Settings

According to the Magento Stack Exchange answer, form key validation is a security feature that prevents CSRF attacks by checking if the form key in the request matches the one generated by Magento. If the developer does not include the form_key in their custom form, the validation will fail and an error will be shown. Therefore, the developer needs to add the form_key to their requests by using getBlockHtml (‘formkey’) ?> in their template file. Verified References:

In Adobe Commerce, when handling POST requests from forms on the frontend, form key validation is enabled by default as a security measure to prevent Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) attacks. This validation checks that the form submission is coming from the same origin by including a unique token (form key) in the request. If this form key is missing or incorrect, the request will fail, and an error message may be shown on the frontend.

In this scenario:

Since the developer has used \Magento\Framework\App\Action\HttpPostActionInterface, which is appropriate for handling POST requests, it’s likely that the error they encounter is due to missing form key validation.

The solution is to ensure that the form includes a hidden input field for the form key. Adobe Commerce automatically adds this key in forms if you use the \Magento\Framework\Data\Form\FormKey model to get the form key value.

To implement this:

Ensure the form includes the form key:

The form key should also be included in the POST data sent to the controller. If it’s missing, Adobe Commerce will not process the request.

Additional Resources:

Adobe Commerce Developer Guide: Form Key

Magento 2.4 Form Key and CSRF Protection

The developer can resolve this issue by creating a plugin for the Magento\Catalog\Model\Indexer\Product\Price::executeRow() method. This method is responsible for updating the product price index.

The plugin can be used to add the pricing adjustment from the database to the product price index. Once the product price index is updated, the layered navigation will display the correct price.

Here is an example of a plugin for the executeRow() method:

PHP

class MyPlugin

{

public function executeRow(

\Magento\Catalog\Model\Indexer\Product\Price $subject,

\Magento\Catalog\Model\Product $product,

array $data

) {

$adjustment = $this->getAdjustment($product);

$product->setPrice($product->getPrice() + $adjustment);

}

private function getAdjustment(Product $product)

{

$adjustment = $product->getData('adjustment');

if (!is_numeric($adjustment)) {

return 0;

}

return $adjustment;

}

}

This plugin will add the adjustment data from the product to the product price index. Once the product price index is updated, the layered navigation will display the correct price.

In Adobe Commerce, when defining new API endpoints through the webapi.xml configuration file, the visibility of these endpoints in tools like Swagger (now OpenAPI) depends on several factors, including authentication settings. According to the provided webapi.xml file:

xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="urn:magento:module:Magento_Webapi:etc/webapi.xsd">

Option A suggests moving the file to etc/webapi_rest/webapi.xml. However, this is incorrect because Adobe Commerce does not require separate XML files for REST and SOAP APIs in this context. The webapi.xml is used for defining routes for both. The structure and location provided in the question are correct for defining REST API routes.

Option B is the correct answer. The resource reference MyVendor_Blog::Post_View indicates that this API endpoint is not anonymous; it requires authentication. In Adobe Commerce, if an API endpoint requires authentication, it won't be visible in Swagger (or the OpenAPI UI) unless you provide valid authentication credentials or tokens. This is part of Magento's security model where protected resources require tokens or OAuth to access. For the merchant to see this endpoint in Swagger, they must provide an integration token or OAuth token which has permissions for MyVendor_Blog::Post_View. This is detailed in the Adobe Commerce Developer Documentation under [Web API .

Option C mentions the @return annotation missing in the interface class. While proper annotations in PHPDoc are important for IDE autocompletion and documentation generation, they are not directly related to the visibility of an endpoint in Swagger. The visibility in Swagger is determined by the configuration in webapi.xml and the authentication settings, not by PHPDoc annotations. Thus, this option is incorrect in the context of the question.

For further reading on how to manage and configure API endpoints in Adobe Commerce, including authentication, refer to the official Adobe Commerce Developer Guide:

Web API Configuration

Web API Authentication

Swagger Integration for testing and documenting APIs.

This explanation covers the necessary aspects of Adobe Commerce API development, focusing on the configuration, authentication requirements, and how these affect the visibility of API endpoints in development tools like Swagger.

In Adobe Commerce Cloud, outgoing emails are disabled by default on Integration environments to prevent test or development emails from being sent to real customers.

Email Configuration on Integration Environments:

Emails are disabled on Integration environments by default to prevent accidental communications during development. This behavior is a standard setting and cannot be overridden in Integration.

Why Option B is Correct:

This is a standard practice in Adobe Commerce Cloud, as email functionality is disabled to prevent disruptions. Options A and C are not applicable since Integration environments do not support outgoing emails regardless of additional settings.

References:

Adobe Commerce Cloud documentation on Email Configuration

Magento Integration Test Fixtures:

Integration tests in Magento often require test data to be set up using fixtures.

Fixtures are typically PHP scripts placed within a _files directory, which Magento looks for based on the module structure and path specified in the annotation.

Directory Structure for Module-Specific Fixtures:

The correct approach is to create the fixture within the module’s own directory. The path follows: [module dir]/Test/Integration/_files/.

By placing it within the module directory, the fixture remains encapsulated and portable with the module itself.

Annotation Usage in Option A:

The @magentoDataFixture annotation specifies the path relative to the module directory.

In this case, using MyVendor_MyModule::Test/Integration/_files/my_fixture.php tells Magento to look within the module’s integration test folder, ensuring modularity and easier maintenance.

Why Other Options Are Incorrect:

Option B: Storing fixtures in [magento root dir]/dev/tests/integration/testsuite/ is an older approach and does not follow module encapsulation best practices. It is better suited for Magento core modules rather than custom modules.

Option C: This option uses a similar path structure to Option A, but the provided annotation format lacks proper naming convention. It misses the proper path specification that is necessary for Magento to resolve the fixture correctly.

References:

Magento Integration Testing Best Practices - Overview of writing integration tests and using fixtures.

@magentoDataFixture Annotation Guide - Details on using @magentoDataFixture annotations for setting up test data.

By following the guidelines in Option A, the developer ensures that the test fixture is module-scoped, making it easier to manage, reuse, and transport with the module code.

According to the Configure and run cron guide for Magento 2 developers, the crontab.xmi file is used to declare and configure cron jobs for a module. The file should specify the name, instance, method and schedule of the cron job. Therefore, creating a crontab.xmi file and setting a schedule for the new cron job are the minimally required steps to accomplish this task. Verified References:

To set up a new cron job in Adobe Commerce, you need to define it in the crontab.xml file. This file is essential to schedule cron tasks and is all that's required for simple cron job configurations. You specify the cron job schedule, method, and class in this file.

Here's a minimal example of crontab.xml:

0 * * * *

group id: This specifies the cron group; "default" is commonly used, but you can define custom groups in cron_groups.xml if necessary.

job: Defines the cron job, with name, instance (path to the class), and method attributes.

schedule: Uses standard cron expressions to specify the frequency.

Additional Resources:

Adobe Commerce Developer Guide: Cron Jobs

Magento 2 Crontab XML Configuration

The startEnvironmentEmulation() method resets the translation locale to the one of the emulated stores, which overrides the locale the developer has set when the order of setLocale() and startEnvironmentEmulation() is used as displayed above.

The correct way to achieve the desired result is to use the emulate() method to temporarily modify the translation locale. The following code shows how to do this:

PHP

$this->_translate->emulate('en_US');

// Render the template

$this->_translate->revert();

This code will set the translation locale to English before rendering the template, and then revert the locale back to the default value after the template has been rendered.

The startEnvironmentEmulation() method is used to emulate a different store view or website. This can be useful for testing purposes, or for developing features that need to work in different environments.

The emulate() method is used to temporarily modify the translation locale. This can be useful for rendering templates in a specific language, or for testing features that need to work in different languages.

According to the Develop data and schema patches guide for Magento 2 developers, data patches can also implement PatchRevertabieinterface to provide rollback functionality for their changes. The revert() method contains the instructions to undo the data modifications made by the patch. To ensure that the product attribute is removed when the module is uninstalled, the developer should make the data patch implement PatchRevertabieinterface and implement the revert method to remove the product attribute using EavSetupFactory or AttributeRepositoryInterface. Verified References:

According to Adobe Commerce (Magento) best practices, when creating modules that add database schema changes or data through Data Patches, it's crucial to consider the reversibility of these changes for module uninstallation. Here's how each option relates to this practice:

Option A: Adding an Uninstall.php file that extends \Magento\Framework\Setup\UninstallInterface is indeed a method to handle module uninstallation in Magento. This interface requires the implementation of an uninstall method where you could write the logic to remove the product attribute. However, this approach is more commonly used for broader setup/teardown operations beyond simple data patches. The official Magento documentation discusses this approach under module uninstallation:

Magento DevDocs - Uninstalling a Module

But for data patches specifically, the recommended approach is different.

Option B: Adding instructions in the README.md file for manual removal by merchants or developers is not a best practice for module management in Magento. This approach relies on human action which can be error-prone and inconsistent, especially in a production environment. Magento encourages automated processes for module lifecycle management to ensure reliability and consistency.

Option C: This is the correct and recommended approach according to Magento best practices for data patches. By implementing \Magento\Framework\Setup\Patch\PatchRevertableInterface in your Data Patch class, you ensure that the patch can be reverted. This interface requires you to implement a revert method, which should contain the logic to remove the changes made by the patch, in this case, the product attribute. Here's how it works:

When creating a Data Patch, you extend \Magento\Framework\Setup\Patch\DataPatchInterface. To make it reversible, you also implement \Magento\Framework\Setup\Patch\PatchRevertableInterface.

In the revert method, you would write the code to remove the product attribute that was added by the patch.

This approach ensures that your module's changes can be automatically undone if the module is uninstalled, maintaining the integrity of the Magento installation. Here's a reference from Magento documentation:

Magento DevDocs - Data Patches

Example implementation:

php

use Magento\Framework\Setup\Patch\DataPatchInterface;

use Magento\Framework\Setup\Patch\PatchRevertableInterface;

use Magento\Eav\Setup\EavSetup;

use Magento\Eav\Setup\EavSetupFactory;

use Magento\Framework\Setup\ModuleDataSetupInterface;

class AddProductAttribute implements DataPatchInterface, PatchRevertableInterface

{

private $eavSetupFactory;

private $moduleDataSetup;

public function __construct(

EavSetupFactory $eavSetupFactory,

ModuleDataSetupInterface $moduleDataSetup

) {

$this->eavSetupFactory = $eavSetupFactory;

$this->moduleDataSetup = $moduleDataSetup;

}

public function apply()

{

/** @var EavSetup $eavSetup */

$eavSetup = $this->eavSetupFactory->create(['setup' => $this->moduleDataSetup]);

$eavSetup->addAttribute(

\Magento\Catalog\Model\Product::ENTITY,

'custom_attribute',

[

'type' => 'varchar',

'label' => 'Custom Attribute',

'input' => 'text',

'required' => false,

'sort_order' => 100,

'global' => \Magento\Eav\Model\Entity\Attribute\ScopedAttributeInterface::SCOPE_GLOBAL,

'group' => 'General',

]

);

}

public function revert()

{

/** @var EavSetup $eavSetup */

$eavSetup = $this->eavSetupFactory->create(['setup' => $this->moduleDataSetup]);

$eavSetup->removeAttribute(\Magento\Catalog\Model\Product::ENTITY, 'custom_attribute');

}

public static function getDependencies()

{

return [];

}

public function getAliases()

{

return [];

}

}

This ensures that if the module is uninstalled, the product attribute will be automatically removed, adhering to Magento's modular and reversible development practices.

According to the Develop data and schema patches guide for Magento 2 developers, data patches are classes that contain data modification instructions. They are defined in a //Setup/Patch/Data/.php file and implement MagentoFrameworkSetupPatchDataPatchInterface. Data patches can also implement Patchversioninterface to specify the module version that the patch is associated with. The getVersion() method returns the module version as a string. To skip changes that were already applied via old format (install/upgrade scripts), the developer should implement Patchversioninterface and return 1.5.4 on the getVersion() method. This way, the data patch will only be applied if the module version is greater than or equal to 1.5.4. Verified References:

The developer has to add a formkey for the new export option because the formkey is required for security reasons. Without the formkey, the request will be rejected and redirected to the dashboard page. Verified References: [Magento 2.4 User Guide] [Magento 2.4 DevDocs]

When adding custom export options to grids in Magento, it's crucial to include a form key for actions that involve form submission. Magento relies on form keys for CSRF (Cross-Site Request Forgery) protection, so omitting the form key can lead to redirects or failed operations.

Form Key Requirement:

In Magento, the form key is a hidden token included in forms to ensure that the request is valid. This is particularly important for actions that change the state or export data, as it helps prevent unauthorized actions.

Adding a custom export button triggers a form submission, which requires a valid form key. Without it, Magento may redirect to a default page or the admin dashboard as a security measure.

Why Option C is Correct:

Option C correctly identifies the lack of a form key as the issue. When Magento detects a missing form key in sensitive operations, it defaults to a redirect to maintain security.

Option A, concerning the URI, is less likely to cause a redirection. Similarly, Option B regarding layout cache would not directly impact CSRF validation, which is the cause of the redirection here.

Solution:

Modify the button or form submission logic to include a form key, typically by adding form_key={{formKey}} in the URL parameters or within the form data.

References:

Adobe Commerce documentation on Form Key and CSRF Protection

Magento DevDocs on Adding Buttons to Grids

The correct answer is Option C. This XML configuration is the correct way to define allowed child content types for a slider content type in Magento's PageBuilder.

Magento PageBuilder Content Type Structure:

In PageBuilder, each content type can specify which other content types are allowed as children.

This is done by defining the allowed_children array within the content type’s XML configuration.

Analyzing Option C:

Arguments Definition: Option C uses the node to define a new argument named allowed_children.

Array Structure: This argument is an array (xsi:type="array") that includes an item specifying the improved_slide as an allowed child with xsi:type="string".

This configuration is correct because it explicitly defines which child content types are allowed for the slider content type, adhering to Magento’s structure for allowed child elements in PageBuilder.

Why Options A and B are Incorrect:

Option A: Uses a node with policy="allow", which is not the standard way to define allowed children for PageBuilder content types. This format is incorrect and won’t be recognized by PageBuilder.

Option B: Uses , which also doesn’t align with the way Magento’s PageBuilder expects child content types to be declared. The correct term is allowed_children, not allowed_descendants.

References:

Magento PageBuilder Development Guide - This guide provides insights into customizing PageBuilder and managing content types.

Configuring Content Types in PageBuilder - Documentation on how to define allowed children for custom content types.

Adobe Commerce PageBuilder Content Types XML Reference - Details on the correct XML structure for PageBuilder content types.

Option C’s configuration aligns with Adobe Commerce PageBuilder’s structure for defining which content types can be nested within another, making it the correct choice.

To add file upload validation for a custom form field in the Adobe Commerce admin panel, which should restrict the file type to .pdf and limit the file size to 2 MB, the recommended approach is to include the validation parameters directly within the node in the form’s XML configuration. This ensures that the validation occurs on the client-side as well as server-side, providing immediate feedback to users before submission.

Option C is correct for the following reasons:

Adding Validation Inside <settings>:By placing the and tags within the node of the XML configuration, the system will enforce these restrictions directly within the form component. This method leverages Magento’s built-in support for validation settings, which ensures that only files matching the specified criteria (.pdf files of 2 MB or smaller) are accepted by the form.

Explanation: Magento UI components allow for client-side validation through the node, where attributes such as allowedExtensions and maxFileSize are used to control file upload constraints. This approach not only validates the file size and type but also integrates seamlessly with Magento’s front-end validation mechanisms.

References: Magento’s documentation on UI components highlights how to enforce file type and size restrictions through XML configurations within , making it the standard and most efficient solution for this task.

Alternatives and Limitations:

Option A: Adding validation within the controller (UploadPdf) can provide additional server-side validation, but this does not prevent the user from selecting invalid files in the first place. Server-side validation alone lacks the user experience enhancement provided by client-side feedback.

Option B: Configuring a virtual type in di.xml for validation (e.g., setting allowedExtensions and maxFileSize within a custom uploader model) is effective for backend processing but is not as straightforward for direct form validation within the admin UI. It complicates the implementation by requiring custom backend logic where native XML validation can suffice.

Option C provides a straightforward, maintainable, and user-friendly way to implement file validation directly in the form configuration. It reduces the need for custom controller or model logic and leverages Magento’s built-in form handling capabilities.

The best practice to add a surcharge in Magento is to create a custom total collector that calculates and applies the surcharge. This approach integrates smoothly with Magento’s sales and checkout processes.

Total Collector for Surcharge:

Creating a new total collector class allows Magento to calculate a custom surcharge and display it in the appropriate sections of the checkout and order summaries.

Registering this in etc/sales.xml ensures that Magento includes this total during order processing and ensures it’s displayed properly on the frontend and backend.

Why Option A is Correct:

This approach follows Magento’s framework for managing additional charges. It ensures the surcharge is correctly applied and displayed.

Options B and C involve less maintainable and less integrated approaches. Option B misuses a Cart Price Rule, and Option C uses an observer, which does not fit well with Magento’s total calculation architecture.

References:

Adobe Commerce DevDocs on Custom Total Collectors

Magento Sales Documentation on Total Calculations

The reason why there are records remaining in the inventory_reservation table is that only reservations no longer needed are removed by the cron job. The inventory_reservation table tracks the quantity of each product in each order and creates a reservation for each product when an order is placed, shipped, cancelled or refunded. The initial reservation has a negative quantity value and the subsequent reservations have positive values. When the order is complete, the sum of all reservations for the product is zero. The cron job removes only those reservations that have a zero sum from the table, leaving behind any reservations that are still needed for incomplete orders. Verified References: [Magento 2.4 DevDocs] [Magento Stack Exchange]

The developer can test the new feature under the integration environment by deactivating one of the active integration environment branches, creating a new active branch from integration and installing the module, and pushing the changes. This is because Enhanced Integration Environments have a limit of four active branches at a time, and each branch has its own dedicated database and services. The developer can use the Cloud CLI for Commerce tool to manage the branches and deploy the code changes. Verified References: [Magento 2.4 DevDocs] 1

Enhanced Integration Environments in Adobe Commerce Cloud have a limit on the number of active branches. If both integration branches are currently active, one must be deactivated to create a new active branch for testing.

Creating a New Active Integration Branch:

If there are already two active branches, deactivate one to free up space for a new branch.

Then create a new branch from the integration environment, apply the changes (such as installing the new module), and push the changes.

Why Option C is Correct:

Adobe Commerce Cloud limits the number of active integration branches. Deactivating an existing branch is necessary before creating a new active branch for testing.

Option A suggests duplicating a branch without addressing the active branch limitation, while Option B disregards the need to check branch active status, which could prevent successful deployment.

References:

Adobe Commerce Cloud documentation on Branch Management