Cisco CCST-Networking Cisco Certified Support Technician (CCST) Networking Exam Exam Practice Test

•Statement B: "The same default gateway IPv4 address is configured on each host on the local network." This is true because all hosts on the same local network (subnet) use the same default gateway IP address to send packets destined for other networks.

•Statement D: "The default gateway is the IPv4 address of the router interface connected to the same local network as the host." This is true because the default gateway is the IP address of the router's interface that is directly connected to the local network.

•Statement A: "The IPv4 address of the default gateway must be the first host address in the subnet." This is not necessarily true. The default gateway can be any address within the subnet range.

•Statement C: "The default gateway is the Loopback0 interface IPv4 address of the router connected to the same local network as the host." This is not true; the default gateway is the IP address of the router's physical or logical interface connected to the local network.

•Statement E: "Hosts learn the default gateway IPv4 address through router advertisement messages." This is generally true for IPv6 with Router Advertisement (RA) messages, but not typically how IPv4 hosts learn the default gateway address.

References:

•Cisco Default Gateway Configuration: Cisco Default Gateway

When prioritizing trouble tickets, the most critical issues affecting business operations or high-impact activities should be addressed first. Here's a breakdown of the tickets:

Ticket 1: Relocation of a printer, while necessary, is not urgent and does not impact critical operations.

Ticket 2: An ongoing webinar losing internet access is critical, especially if the webinar is time-sensitive and involves multiple participants.

Ticket 3: Slower response time for a cloud-based application is important but typically not as urgent as a complete loss of internet access for a live event.

Ticket 4: Wireless access down in the cafeteria affects users but does not have the same immediate impact as a live webinar losing connectivity.

Thus, the correct answer is B. Ticket 2: An online webinar is taking place in the conference room. The video conferencing equipment lost internet access.

References:=

IT Help Desk Best Practices

Prioritizing IT Support Tickets

A firewall can direct all web traffic to a specific IP address.

True: Firewalls can be configured to perform Network Address Translation (NAT) and port forwarding, which can direct all web traffic (typically on port 80 and 443) to a specific internal IP address.

A firewall can block traffic to specific ports on internal computers.

True: Firewalls can be configured with access control lists (ACLs) or rules to block traffic to specific ports on internal computers, enhancing security by restricting unwanted or harmful traffic.

A firewall can prevent specific apps from running on a computer.

False: Firewalls typically control traffic flow and do not prevent specific applications from running on a computer. Application control is usually managed by endpoint security software or application control systems.

Directing Web Traffic: Firewalls can manage traffic redirection using NAT and port forwarding rules to route web traffic to designated servers or devices within the network.

Blocking Specific Ports: Firewalls can enforce security policies by blocking or allowing traffic based on port numbers, ensuring that only permitted traffic reaches internal systems.

Application Control: While firewalls manage network traffic, preventing applications from running typically requires software specifically designed for endpoint protection and application management.

References:

Understanding Firewalls: Firewall Capabilities

Network Security Best Practices: Network Security Guide

To capture packets sent to and received from the URL using Wireshark, you would use the following filter options:

Protocol:tcp

Filter Type:port

Port Number:7100

This filter setup in Wireshark will display all TCP packets that are sent to or received from port 7100, which is the port specified in the URL for the API service. Since HTTPS typically uses TCP as the transport layer protocol, filtering by TCP and the specific port number will help isolate the relevant packets for troubleshooting the app’s data download issues.

cp: The app is using HTTPS, which relies on the TCP protocol for communication.

port: The specific port number used by the application, which in this case is 7100.

7100: This is the port specified in the URL ( ).

This filter will capture all TCP traffic on port 7100, allowing you to analyze the packets related to the application's data download.

References:

Wireshark Filters: Wireshark Display Filters

The header of a UDP (User Datagram Protocol) segment includesport numbers. Specifically, it contains the source port number and the destination port number, which are used to identify the sending and receiving applications. UDP headers do not include IP addresses or MAC addresses, as those are part of the IP and Ethernet frame headers, respectively.Additionally, UDP does not use sequence numbers, which are a feature of TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) for ensuring reliable delivery of data segments1.

References:=

Segmentation Explained with TCP and UDP Header

User Datagram Protocol (UDP) - GeeksforGeeks

Which three fields are used in a UDP segment header

=========================

UDP Header: The header of a UDP segment includes the following key fields:

Source Port: The port number of the sending application.

Destination Port: The port number of the receiving application.

Length: The length of the UDP header and data.

Checksum: Used for error-checking the header and data.

IP Addresses: These are included in the IP header, not the UDP header.

Sequence Numbers: These are part of the TCP header, not UDP.

MAC Addresses: These are part of the Ethernet frame header and are not included in the UDP header.

References:

RFC 768 - User Datagram Protocol: RFC 768

Cisco Guide on UDP: Cisco UDP Guide

The private IP address ranges that are set aside specifically for use within private networks and not routable on the internet are as follows:

Class A: 10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255

Class B: 172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255

Class C: 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255

These ranges are defined by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) and are used for local communications within a private network123.

Given the options: A.172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255falls within the Class B private range. B.192.16.0.0 to 192.16.255.255is not a recognized private IP range. C.11.0.0.0 to 11.255.255.255is not a recognized private IP range. D.192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255falls within the Class C private range.

Therefore, the correct selections that the company should use for their private networks areAandD.

References:=

Reserved IP addresses on Wikipedia

Private IP Addresses in Networking - GeeksforGeeks

Understanding Private IP Ranges, Uses, Benefits, and Warnings

The AAA service security model consists of three components: Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting.

•Authentication: This is the process of verifying the identity of a user or device. It ensures that only legitimate users can access the network or service.

•Authorization: This determines what an authenticated user is allowed to do or access within the network.

•Auditing/Accounting: This component tracks the actions of the user, including whatresources they access and what changes they make.

Thus, the correct answer is C. Authentication.

References :=

•Cisco AAA Overview

•Understanding AAA (Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting)

•Statement A: "The trace successfully reached the server." This is true as indicated by the "Trace complete" message at the end, showing that the trace has reached its destination.

•Statement C: "The IPv6 address associated with the server is 2600:1408:c400:38d::b33." This is true because the final hop in the trace, which is the destination, has this IPv6 address.

•Statement B: "The trace failed after the fourth hop." This is incorrect as the trace continues beyond the fourth hop, despite some intermediate timeouts.

•Statement D: "The routers at hops 5 and 6 are offline." This is not necessarily true. The routers might be configured to not respond to traceroute requests.

•Statement E: "The device sending the trace has IPv6 address 2600:1408:c400:38d::b33." This is incorrect; this address belongs to the destination server, not the sender.

References:

•Understanding Traceroute: Traceroute Guide

The tracert command is used to determine the route taken by packets across an IP network. When a user reports that an external web page is not loading, while other resources are accessible, it suggests there might be an issue at a certain point in the network path to the specific web page. The tracert command helps to diagnose where the breakdown occurs by displaying a list of routers that the packets pass through on their way to the destination. It can identify the network segment where the packets stop progressing, which is valuable for pinpointing where the connectivity issue lies. References := Cisco CCST Networking Certification FAQs – CISCONET Training Solutions, Command Prompt (CMD): 10 network-related commands you should know, Network Troubleshooting Commands Guide: Windows, Mac & Linux - Comparitech, How to Use the Traceroute and Ping Commands to Troubleshoot Network, Network Troubleshooting Techniques: Ping, Traceroute, PathPing.

•tracert Command: This command is used to determine the path packets take to reach a destination. It lists all the hops (routers) along the way and can help identify where the delay or failure occurs.

•ping -t: This command sends continuous ping requests and is useful for determining if a host is reachable but does not provide path information.

•ipconfig /all: This command displays all current TCP/IP network configuration values andcan be used to verify network settings but not to trace a network path.

•nslookup: This command queries the DNS to obtain domain name or IP address mapping, useful for DNS issues but not for tracing network paths.

References:

•Microsoft tracert Command: tracert Command Guide

•Troubleshooting Network Issues with tracert: Network Troubleshooting Guide

Here’s how each protocol aligns with the correct TCP/IP model layer:

TCP (Transmission Control Protocol): This protocol belongs to theTransportlayer, which is responsible for providing communication between applications on different hosts1.

IP (Internet Protocol): IP is part of theInternetworklayer, which is tasked with routing packets across network boundaries to their destination1.

FTP (File Transfer Protocol): FTP operates at theApplicationlayer, which supports application and end-user processes.It is used for transferring files over the network1.

Ethernet: While not a protocol within the TCP/IP stack, Ethernet is associated with theNetwork Interfacelayer, which corresponds to the link layer of the TCP/IP model and is responsible for the physical transmission of data1.

The TCP/IP model layers are designed to work collaboratively to transmit data from one layer to another, with each layer having specific protocols that perform functions necessary for the data transmission process1.

TCP:

TCP Model Layer: Transport

Explanation: The Transport layer is responsible for end-to-end communication and error handling. TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) operates at this layer to provide reliable, ordered, and error-checked delivery of data.

IP:

TCP Model Layer: Internetwork

Explanation: The Internetwork layer, also known as the Internet layer, is responsible for logical addressing and routing. IP (Internet Protocol) operates at this layer to route packets across networks.

FTP:

TCP Model Layer: Application

Explanation: The Application layer provides network services to applications. FTP (File Transfer Protocol) operates at this layer to transfer files between computers over a network.

Ethernet:

TCP Model Layer: Network

Explanation: The Network layer, also known as the Link layer in the TCP/IP model, is responsible for physical addressing and access to thephysical medium. Ethernet operates at this layer to provide the physical and data link functions.

Transport Layer: This layer is responsible for providing communication services directly to the application processes running on different hosts. TCP is a core protocol in this layer.

Internetwork Layer: This layer is responsible for logical addressing, routing, and packet forwarding. IP is the primary protocol for this layer.

Application Layer: This layer interfaces directly with application processes and provides common network services. FTP is an example of a protocol operating in this layer.

Network Layer: In the TCP/IP model, this layer includes both the data link and physical layers of the OSI model. Ethernet is a protocol used in this layer to define network standards and communication protocols at the data link and physical levels.

References:

TCP/IP Model Overview: Cisco TCP/IP Model

Understanding the TCP/IP Model: TCP/IP Layers

The primary purpose of assigning an IP address to the management VLAN interface on a Layer 2 switch is to facilitate remote management of the switch. By configuring an IP address on the management VLAN, network administrators can access the switch’s Command Line Interface (CLI) remotely using protocols such as Telnet or Secure Shell (SSH). This allows for convenient configuration changes, monitoring, and troubleshooting without needing physical access to the switch1.

References :=

•Understanding the Management VLAN

•Cisco - VLAN Configuration Guide

•Remote Management of Switches

Assigning an IP address to the management VLAN interface (often the VLAN 1 interface by default) on a Layer 2 switch allows network administrators to remotely manage the switch using protocols such as Telnet or SSH. This IP address does not affect the switch's ability to route traffic between VLANs but provides a means to access and configure the switch through its Command Line Interface (CLI).

•A: The switch does not act as a default gateway; this is typically a function of a Layer 3 device like a router.

•B: The switch does not resolve URLs; this is typically a function of DNS servers.

•C: The switch can relay DHCP requests but does not typically provide DHCP services itself; this is usually done by a dedicated DHCP server or router.

Thus, the correct answer is D. To enable access to the CLI on the switch through Telnet or SSH.

References :=

•Cisco VLAN Management Overview

•Cisco Catalyst Switch Management

IPv6 addresses can be compressed by removing leading zeros and replacing consecutive groups of zeros with a double colon (::). Here’s how to compress the address 2001:0db8:0000:0016:0000:001b:2000:0056:

Remove leading zeros from each segment:

2001:db8:0000:0016:0000:001b:2000:0056 becomes 2001:db8:0:16:0:1b:2000:56

Replace the longest sequence of consecutive zeros with a double colon (::). In this case, the two consecutive zeros between the 16 and 1b:

2001:db8:0:16::1b:2000:56

Thus, the most compressed valid format of the IPv6 address is 2001:db8:0:16::1b:2000:56.

References:=

Cisco Learning Network

IPv6 Addressing (Cisco)