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ECCouncil 312-50 Ethical Hacking and Countermeasures Exam Practice Test

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Total 765 questions

Ethical Hacking and Countermeasures Questions and Answers

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Question 1

Which of the following can the administrator do to verify that a tape backup can be recovered in its entirety?

Options:

A.

Restore a random file.

B.

Perform a full restore.

C.

Read the first 512 bytes of the tape.

D.

Read the last 512 bytes of the tape.

Question 2

In order to show improvement of security over time, what must be developed?

Options:

A.

Reports

B.

Testing tools

C.

Metrics

D.

Taxonomy of vulnerabilities

Question 3

Which of the following is a hardware requirement that either an IDS/IPS system or a proxy server must have in order to properly function?

Options:

A.

Fast processor to help with network traffic analysis

B.

They must be dual-homed

C.

Similar RAM requirements

D.

Fast network interface cards

Question 4

Bluetooth uses which digital modulation technique to exchange information between paired devices?

Options:

A.

PSK (phase-shift keying)

B.

FSK (frequency-shift keying)

C.

ASK (amplitude-shift keying)

D.

QAM (quadrature amplitude modulation)

Question 5

Which of the following programs is usually targeted at Microsoft Office products?

Options:

A.

Polymorphic virus

B.

Multipart virus

C.

Macro virus

D.

Stealth virus

Question 6

A large company intends to use Blackberry for corporate mobile phones and a security analyst is assigned to evaluate the possible threats. The analyst will use the Blackjacking attack method to demonstrate how an attacker could circumvent perimeter defenses and gain access to the corporate network. What tool should the analyst use to perform a Blackjacking attack?

Options:

A.

Paros Proxy

B.

BBProxy

C.

BBCrack

D.

Blooover

Question 7

Which of the following is an application that requires a host application for replication?

Options:

A.

Micro

B.

Worm

C.

Trojan

D.

Virus

Question 8

Which statement is TRUE regarding network firewalls preventing Web Application attacks?

Options:

A.

Network firewalls can prevent attacks because they can detect malicious HTTP traffic.

B.

Network firewalls cannot prevent attacks because ports 80 and 443 must be opened.

C.

Network firewalls can prevent attacks if they are properly configured.

D.

Network firewalls cannot prevent attacks because they are too complex to configure.

Question 9

Which of the following describes the characteristics of a Boot Sector Virus?

Options:

A.

Moves the MBR to another location on the RAM and copies itself to the original location of the MBR

B.

Moves the MBR to another location on the hard disk and copies itself to the original location of the MBR

C.

Modifies directory table entries so that directory entries point to the virus code instead of the actual program

D.

Overwrites the original MBR and only executes the new virus code

Question 10

What is the main difference between a “Normal” SQL Injection and a “Blind” SQL Injection vulnerability?

Options:

A.

The request to the web server is not visible to the administrator of the vulnerable application.

B.

The attack is called “Blind” because, although the application properly filters user input, it is still vulnerable to code injection.

C.

The successful attack does not show an error message to the administrator of the affected application.

D.

The vulnerable application does not display errors with information about the injection results to the attacker.

Question 11

Which of the following is a strong post designed to stop a car?

Options:

A.

Gate

B.

Fence

C.

Bollard

D.

Reinforced rebar

Question 12

Firewalk has just completed the second phase (the scanning phase) and a technician receives the output shown below. What conclusions can be drawn based on these scan results?

Options:

A.

The firewall itself is blocking ports 21 through 23 and a service is listening on port 23 of the target host.

B.

The lack of response from ports 21 and 22 indicate that those services are not running on the destination server.

C.

The scan on port 23 passed through the filtering device. This indicates that port 23 was not blocked at the firewall.

D.

The scan on port 23 was able to make a connection to the destination host prompting the firewall to respond with a TTL error.

Question 13

A penetration tester is conducting a port scan on a specific host. The tester found several ports opened that were confusing in concluding the Operating System (OS) version installed. Considering the NMAP result below, which of the following is likely to be installed on the target machine by the OS?

Options:

A.

The host is likely a Windows machine.

B.

The host is likely a Linux machine.

C.

The host is likely a router.

D.

The host is likely a printer.

Question 14

An NMAP scan of a server shows port 69 is open. What risk could this pose?

Options:

A.

Unauthenticated access

B.

Weak SSL version

C.

Cleartext login

D.

Web portal data leak

Question 15

Which results will be returned with the following Google search query?

site:target.com -site:Marketing.target.com accounting

Options:

A.

Results matching all words in the query

B.

Results matching “accounting” in domain target.com but not on the site Marketing.target.com

C.

Results from matches on the site marketing.target.com that are in the domain target.com but do not include the word accounting

D.

Results for matches on target.com and Marketing.target.com that include the word “accounting”

Question 16

An NMAP scan of a server shows port 25 is open. What risk could this pose?

Options:

A.

Open printer sharing

B.

Web portal data leak

C.

Clear text authentication

D.

Active mail relay

Question 17

Which security control role does encryption meet?

Options:

A.

Preventative

B.

Detective

C.

Offensive

D.

Defensive

Question 18

Which system consists of a publicly available set of databases that contain domain name registration contact information?

Options:

A.

WHOIS

B.

IANA

C.

CAPTCHA

D.

IETF

Question 19

A penetration tester was hired to perform a penetration test for a bank. The tester began searching for IP ranges owned by the bank, performing lookups on the bank's DNS servers, reading news articles online about the bank, watching what times the bank employees come into work and leave from work, searching the bank's job postings (paying special attention to IT related jobs), and visiting the local dumpster for the bank's corporate office. What phase of the penetration test is the tester currently in?

Options:

A.

Information reporting

B.

Vulnerability assessment

C.

Active information gathering

D.

Passive information gathering

Question 20

What type of OS fingerprinting technique sends specially crafted packets to the remote OS and analyzes the received response?

Options:

A.

Passive

B.

Reflective

C.

Active

D.

Distributive

Question 21

A penetration tester is hired to do a risk assessment of a company's DMZ. The rules of engagement states that the penetration test be done from an external IP address with no prior knowledge of the internal IT systems. What kind of test is being performed?

Options:

A.

white box

B.

grey box

C.

red box

D.

black box

Question 22

The following is part of a log file taken from the machine on the network with the IP address of 192.168.1.106:

What type of activity has been logged?

Options:

A.

Port scan targeting 192.168.1.103

B.

Teardrop attack targeting 192.168.1.106

C.

Denial of service attack targeting 192.168.1.103

D.

Port scan targeting 192.168.1.106

Question 23

Least privilege is a security concept that requires that a user is

Options:

A.

limited to those functions required to do the job.

B.

given root or administrative privileges.

C.

trusted to keep all data and access to that data under their sole control.

D.

given privileges equal to everyone else in the department.

Question 24

The following is a sample of output from a penetration tester's machine targeting a machine with the IP address of 192.168.1.106:

What is most likely taking place?

Options:

A.

Ping sweep of the 192.168.1.106 network

B.

Remote service brute force attempt

C.

Port scan of 192.168.1.106

D.

Denial of service attack on 192.168.1.106

Question 25

Which of the following processes of PKI (Public Key Infrastructure) ensures that a trust relationship exists and that a certificate is still valid for specific operations?

Options:

A.

Certificate issuance

B.

Certificate validation

C.

Certificate cryptography

D.

Certificate revocation

Question 26

Which vital role does the U.S. Computer Security Incident Response Team (CSIRT) provide?

Options:

A.

Incident response services to any user, company, government agency, or organization in partnership with the Department of Homeland Security

B.

Maintenance of the nation’s Internet infrastructure, builds out new Internet infrastructure, and decommissions old Internet infrastructure

C.

Registration of critical penetration testing for the Department of Homeland Security and public and private sectors

D.

Measurement of key vulnerability assessments on behalf of the Department of Defense (DOD) and State Department, as well as private sectors

Question 27

While testing the company's web applications, a tester attempts to insert the following test script into the search area on the company's web site:

Afterwards, when the tester presses the search button, a pop-up box appears on the screen with the text: "Testing Testing Testing". Which vulnerability has been detected in the web application?

Options:

A.

Buffer overflow

B.

Cross-site request forgery

C.

Distributed denial of service

D.

Cross-site scripting

Question 28

SOAP services use which technology to format information?

Options:

A.

SATA

B.

PCI

C.

XML

D.

ISDN

Question 29

Which security strategy requires using several, varying methods to protect IT systems against attacks?

Options:

A.

Defense in depth

B.

Three-way handshake

C.

Covert channels

D.

Exponential backoff algorithm

Question 30

In the OSI model, where does PPTP encryption take place?

Options:

A.

Transport layer

B.

Application layer

C.

Data link layer

D.

Network layer

Question 31

A network security administrator is worried about potential man-in-the-middle attacks when users access a corporate web site from their workstations. Which of the following is the best remediation against this type of attack?

Options:

A.

Implementing server-side PKI certificates for all connections

B.

Mandating only client-side PKI certificates for all connections

C.

Requiring client and server PKI certificates for all connections

D.

Requiring strong authentication for all DNS queries

Question 32

Which of the following is an example of IP spoofing?

Options:

A.

SQL injections

B.

Man-in-the-middle

C.

Cross-site scripting

D.

ARP poisoning

Question 33

Which element of Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) verifies the applicant?

Options:

A.

Certificate authority

B.

Validation authority

C.

Registration authority

D.

Verification authority

Question 34

Which Open Web Application Security Project (OWASP) implements a web application full of known vulnerabilities?

Options:

A.

WebBugs

B.

WebGoat

C.

VULN_HTML

D.

WebScarab

Question 35

Employees in a company are no longer able to access Internet web sites on their computers. The network administrator is able to successfully ping IP address of web servers on the Internet and is able to open web sites by using an IP address in place of the URL. The administrator runs the nslookup command for and receives an error message stating there is no response from the server. What should the administrator do next?

Options:

A.

Configure the firewall to allow traffic on TCP ports 53 and UDP port 53.

B.

Configure the firewall to allow traffic on TCP ports 80 and UDP port 443.

C.

Configure the firewall to allow traffic on TCP port 53.

D.

Configure the firewall to allow traffic on TCP port 8080.

Question 36

When comparing the testing methodologies of Open Web Application Security Project (OWASP) and Open Source Security Testing Methodology Manual (OSSTMM) the main difference is

Options:

A.

OWASP is for web applications and OSSTMM does not include web applications.

B.

OSSTMM is gray box testing and OWASP is black box testing.

C.

OWASP addresses controls and OSSTMM does not.

D.

OSSTMM addresses controls and OWASP does not.

Question 37

What tool and process are you going to use in order to remain undetected by an IDS while pivoting and passing traffic over a server you’ve compromised and gained root access to?

Options:

A.

Install Cryptcat and encrypt outgoing packets from this server.

B.

Use HTTP so that all traffic can be routed via a browser, thus evading the internal Intrusion Detection Systems.

C.

Use Alternate Data Streams to hide the outgoing packets from this server.

Question 38

Which type of Nmap scan is the most reliable, but also the most visible, and likely to be picked up by and IDS?

Options:

A.

SYN scan

B.

ACK scan

C.

RST scan

D.

Connect scan

E.

FIN scan

Question 39

Which of the following BEST describes the mechanism of a Boot Sector Virus?

Options:

A.

Moves the MBR to another location on the hard disk and copies itself to the original location of the MBR

B.

Moves the MBR to another location on the RAM and copies itself to the original location of the MBR

C.

Overwrites the original MBR and only executes the new virus code

D.

Modifies directory table entries so that directory entries point to the virus code instead of the actual program

Question 40

Which mode of IPSec should you use to assure security and confidentiality of data within the same LAN?

Options:

A.

ESP transport mode

B.

AH permiscuous

C.

ESP confidential

D.

AH Tunnel mode

Question 41

Which of the following statements about a zone transfer is correct? (Choose three.)

Options:

A.

A zone transfer is accomplished with the DNS

B.

A zone transfer is accomplished with the nslookup service

C.

A zone transfer passes all zone information that a DNS server maintains

D.

A zone transfer passes all zone information that a nslookup server maintains

E.

A zone transfer can be prevented by blocking all inbound TCP port 53 connections

F.

Zone transfers cannot occur on the Internet

Question 42

Which type of security feature stops vehicles from crashing through the doors of a building?

Options:

A.

Turnstile

B.

Bollards

C.

Mantrap

D.

Receptionist

Question 43

Which of the following is a passive wireless packet analyzer that works on Linux-based systems?

Options:

A.

Burp Suite

B.

OpenVAS

C.

tshark

D.

Kismet

Question 44

Which of the following is the BEST way to protect Personally Identifiable Information (PII) from being exploited due to vulnerabilities of varying web applications?

Options:

A.

Use cryptographic storage to store all PII

B.

Use full disk encryption on all hard drives to protect PII

C.

Use encrypted communications protocols to transmit PII

D.

Use a security token to log into all Web applications that use PII

Question 45

This tool is an 802.11 WEP and WPA-PSK keys cracking program that can recover keys once enough data packets have been captured. It implements the standard FMS attack along with some optimizations like KoreK attacks, as well as the PTW attack, thus making the attack much faster compared to other WEP cracking tools.

Which of the following tools is being described?

Options:

A.

Aircrack-ng

B.

Airguard

C.

WLAN-crack

D.

wificracker

Question 46

Peter, a Network Administrator, has come to you looking for advice on a tool that would help him perform SNMP enquires over the network.

Which of these tools would do the SNMP enumeration he is looking for? Select the best answers.

Options:

A.

SNMPUtil

B.

SNScan

C.

SNMPScan

D.

Solarwinds IP Network Browser

E.

NMap

Question 47

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

Options:

A.

Sniffers operate on Layer 2 of the OSI model

B.

Sniffers operate on Layer 3 of the OSI model

C.

Sniffers operate on both Layer 2 & Layer 3 of the OSI model.

D.

Sniffers operate on the Layer 1 of the OSI model.

Question 48

You receive an e-mail like the one shown below. When you click on the link contained in the mail, you are redirected to a website seeking you to download free Anti-Virus software.

Dear valued customers,

We are pleased to announce the newest version of Antivirus 2010 for Windows which will probe you with total security against the latest spyware, malware, viruses, Trojans and other online threats. Simply visit the link below and enter your antivirus code:

or you may contact us at the following address:

Media Internet Consultants, Edif. Neptuno, Planta

Baja, Ave. Ricardo J. Alfaro, Tumba Muerto, n/a Panama

How will you determine if this is Real Anti-Virus or Fake Anti-Virus website?

Options:

A.

Look at the website design, if it looks professional then it is a Real Anti-Virus website

B.

Connect to the site using SSL, if you are successful then the website is genuine

C.

Search using the URL and Anti-Virus product name into Google and lookout for suspicious warnings against this site

D.

Download and install Anti-Virus software from this suspicious looking site, your Windows 7 will prompt you and stop the installation if the downloaded file is a malware

E.

Download and install Anti-Virus software from this suspicious looking site, your Windows 7 will prompt you and stop the installation if the downloaded file is a malware

Question 49

A security engineer is attempting to map a company’s internal network. The engineer enters in the following NMAP command:

NMAP –n –sS –P0 –p 80 ***.***.**.**

What type of scan is this?

Options:

A.

Quick scan

B.

Intense scan

C.

Stealth scan

D.

Comprehensive scan

Question 50

An organization hires a tester to do a wireless penetration test. Previous reports indicate that the last test did not contain management or control packets in the submitted traces. Which of the following is the most likely reason for lack of management or control packets?

Options:

A.

The wireless card was not turned on.

B.

The wrong network card drivers were in use by Wireshark.

C.

On Linux and Mac OS X, only 802.11 headers are received in promiscuous mode.

D.

Certain operating systems and adapters do not collect the management or control packets.

Question 51

What is the best defense against privilege escalation vulnerability?

Options:

A.

Patch systems regularly and upgrade interactive login privileges at the system administrator level.

B.

Run administrator and applications on least privileges and use a content registry for tracking.

C.

Run services with least privileged accounts and implement multi-factor authentication and authorization.

D.

Review user roles and administrator privileges for maximum utilization of automation services.

Question 52

Which tool can be used to silently copy files from USB devices?

Options:

A.

USB Grabber

B.

USB Dumper

C.

USB Sniffer

D.

USB Snoopy

Question 53

When an alert rule is matched in a network-based IDS like snort, the IDS does which of the following?

Options:

A.

Drops the packet and moves on to the next one

B.

Continues to evaluate the packet until all rules are checked

C.

Stops checking rules, sends an alert, and lets the packet continue

D.

Blocks the connection with the source IP address in the packet

Question 54

Which type of intrusion detection system can monitor and alert on attacks, but cannot stop them?

Options:

A.

Detective

B.

Passive

C.

Intuitive

D.

Reactive

Question 55

What is the main disadvantage of the scripting languages as opposed to compiled programming languages?

Options:

A.

Scripting languages are hard to learn.

B.

Scripting languages are not object-oriented.

C.

Scripting languages cannot be used to create graphical user interfaces.

D.

Scripting languages are slower because they require an interpreter to run the code.

Question 56

Which technical characteristic do Ethereal/Wireshark, TCPDump, and Snort have in common?

Options:

A.

They are written in Java.

B.

They send alerts to security monitors.

C.

They use the same packet analysis engine.

D.

They use the same packet capture utility.

Question 57

Smart cards use which protocol to transfer the certificate in a secure manner?

Options:

A.

Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP)

B.

Point to Point Protocol (PPP)

C.

Point to Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP)

D.

Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol (L2TP)

Question 58

While checking the settings on the internet browser, a technician finds that the proxy server settings have been checked and a computer is trying to use itself as a proxy server. What specific octet within the subnet does the technician see?

Options:

A.

10.10.10.10

B.

127.0.0.1

C.

192.168.1.1

D.

192.168.168.168

Question 59

What is the broadcast address for the subnet 190.86.168.0/22?

Options:

A.

190.86.168.255

B.

190.86.255.255

C.

190.86.171.255

D.

190.86.169.255

Question 60

Which of the following tools will scan a network to perform vulnerability checks and compliance auditing?

Options:

A.

NMAP

B.

Metasploit

C.

Nessus

D.

BeEF

Question 61

A certified ethical hacker (CEH) completed a penetration test of the main headquarters of a company almost two months ago, but has yet to get paid. The customer is suffering from financial problems, and the CEH is worried that the company will go out of business and end up not paying. What actions should the CEH take?

Options:

A.

Threaten to publish the penetration test results if not paid.

B.

Follow proper legal procedures against the company to request payment.

C.

Tell other customers of the financial problems with payments from this company.

D.

Exploit some of the vulnerabilities found on the company webserver to deface it.

Question 62

A certified ethical hacker (CEH) is approached by a friend who believes her husband is cheating. She offers to pay to break into her husband's email account in order to find proof so she can take him to court. What is the ethical response?

Options:

A.

Say no; the friend is not the owner of the account.

B.

Say yes; the friend needs help to gather evidence.

C.

Say yes; do the job for free.

D.

Say no; make sure that the friend knows the risk she’s asking the CEH to take.

Question 63

An ethical hacker for a large security research firm performs penetration tests, vulnerability tests, and risk assessments. A friend recently started a company and asks the hacker to perform a penetration test and vulnerability assessment of the new company as a favor. What should the hacker's next step be before starting work on this job?

Options:

A.

Start by foot printing the network and mapping out a plan of attack.

B.

Ask the employer for authorization to perform the work outside the company.

C.

Begin the reconnaissance phase with passive information gathering and then move into active information gathering.

D.

Use social engineering techniques on the friend's employees to help identify areas that may be susceptible to attack.

Question 64

A computer technician is using a new version of a word processing software package when it is discovered that a special sequence of characters causes the entire computer to crash. The technician researches the bug and discovers that no one else experienced the problem. What is the appropriate next step?

Options:

A.

Ignore the problem completely and let someone else deal with it.

B.

Create a document that will crash the computer when opened and send it to friends.

C.

Find an underground bulletin board and attempt to sell the bug to the highest bidder.

D.

Notify the vendor of the bug and do not disclose it until the vendor gets a chance to issue a fix.

Question 65

A consultant has been hired by the V.P. of a large financial organization to assess the company's security posture. During the security testing, the consultant comes across child pornography on the V.P.'s computer. What is the consultant's obligation to the financial organization?

Options:

A.

Say nothing and continue with the security testing.

B.

Stop work immediately and contact the authorities.

C.

Delete the pornography, say nothing, and continue security testing.

D.

Bring the discovery to the financial organization's human resource department.

Question 66

Which initial procedure should an ethical hacker perform after being brought into an organization?

Options:

A.

Begin security testing.

B.

Turn over deliverables.

C.

Sign a formal contract with non-disclosure.

D.

Assess what the organization is trying to protect.

Question 67

Which type of security document is written with specific step-by-step details?

Options:

A.

Process

B.

Procedure

C.

Policy

D.

Paradigm

Question 68

How do employers protect assets with security policies pertaining to employee surveillance activities?

Options:

A.

Employers promote monitoring activities of employees as long as the employees demonstrate trustworthiness.

B.

Employers use informal verbal communication channels to explain employee monitoring activities to employees.

C.

Employers use network surveillance to monitor employee email traffic, network access, and to record employee keystrokes.

D.

Employers provide employees written statements that clearly discuss the boundaries of monitoring activities and consequences.

Question 69

International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standard 27002 provides guidance for compliance by outlining

Options:

A.

guidelines and practices for security controls.

B.

financial soundness and business viability metrics.

C.

standard best practice for configuration management.

D.

contract agreement writing standards.

Question 70

Which of the following guidelines or standards is associated with the credit card industry?

Options:

A.

Control Objectives for Information and Related Technology (COBIT)

B.

Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX)

C.

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)

D.

Payment Card Industry Data Security Standards (PCI DSS)

Question 71

Which of the following tools would be the best choice for achieving compliance with PCI Requirement 11?

Options:

A.

Truecrypt

B.

Sub7

C.

Nessus

D.

Clamwin

Question 72

Which method can provide a better return on IT security investment and provide a thorough and comprehensive assessment of organizational security covering policy, procedure design, and implementation?

Options:

A.

Penetration testing

B.

Social engineering

C.

Vulnerability scanning

D.

Access control list reviews

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Total 765 questions