Fortinet NSE6_WCS-7.0 Fortinet NSE 6 - Cloud Security 7.0 for AWS Exam Practice Test

Load Balancer Configuration Overview:

The provided configuration indicates that the ELB is an internet-facing load balancer.

Multi-AZ Load Balancing:

The load balancer is configured to distribute traffic across multiple availability zones (A, B, and C), ensuring high availability and fault tolerance (Option A).

Accessing Targets via DNS:

The DNS name of the load balancer (LabELB-716e15332f6401f8.elb.us-east-2.amazonaws.com) can be used to reach the targets behind the ELB, facilitating traffic routing to the appropriate instances (Option C).

Comparison with Other Options:

Option B is incorrect as the ARN is not used to access the load balancer directly.

Option D is incorrect because the load balancer is configured for internet-facing traffic, not just internal VPC traffic.

References:

AWS Elastic Load Balancer Documentation: AWS ELB

Understanding ELB DNS: AWS ELB DNS

Understanding the Requirement:

The organization needs to connect a data VPC to the on-premises infrastructure with high bandwidth.

The solution should avoid multiple connections between sites.

Transit Gateway Connect:

Transit Gateway Connect is designed to integrate with SD-WAN networks and provides scalable bandwidth using GRE tunnels.

It simplifies hybrid cloud connectivity by allowing high bandwidth connections without the need for multiple physical connections.

Benefits of Transit Gateway Connect:

Supports scalable bandwidth through GRE tunnels.

Facilitates seamless integration with on-premises and cloud environments.

Reduces complexity by avoiding the need for multiple VPN connections.

Comparison with Other Options:

Option A (Transit VPC with IPSec) is not preferred due to complexity and potential limitations in bandwidth scalability.

Option B (Internet Gateway) is not suitable for private, high-bandwidth connections.

Option C (Transit Gateway multicast) does not address the requirement for high bandwidth in a hybrid cloud setup.

References:

AWS Transit Gateway Documentation: AWS Transit Gateway Connect

Hybrid Cloud Connectivity: AWS Hybrid Cloud

Understanding the Architecture:

The architecture includes an EC2 instance in a private subnet, a Gateway Load Balancer Endpoint (GWLBe), a NAT Gateway (NAT GW), and an Internet Gateway (IGW).

Route Tables and Routing:

The private route table for the subnet containing the EC2 instance has a route pointing to the GWLBe for internet-bound traffic.

The public route table for the subnet containing the NAT Gateway has routes to the IGW.

Traffic Flow Analysis:

Traffic initiated from the EC2 instance destined for the internet will first be routed to the GWLBe as per the private route table.

The GWLBe will forward the traffic to the NAT Gateway.

The NAT Gateway will then route the traffic to the IGW, which finally sends the traffic to the internet.

Comparison with Other Options:

Option A suggests direct routing to the NAT GW from the EC2 instance, which is incorrect.

Option B incorrectly states there is no route to the internet in the private route table.

Option D suggests direct routing from GWLBe to the internet, which is not the case.

References:

AWS Documentation on Route Tables: AWS Route Tables

Gateway Load Balancer Overview: AWS Gateway Load Balancer

FortiGate Cloud-Native Firewall (CNF):

FortiGate CNF offers cloud-native firewall capabilities designed to provide network security within AWS. It integrates seamlessly with AWS services and offers advanced threat protection and traffic management (Option C).

Fortinet Managed Rules for AWS WAF:

Fortinet Managed Rules for AWS WAF provide pre-configured, updated security rules that protect web applications from common threats such as SQL injection and cross-site scripting. This offering simplifies the protection of web applications hosted on AWS (Option D).

FortiWeb Cloud:

FortiWeb Cloud is a Web Application Firewall (WAF) as a service that provides comprehensive protection for web applications hosted on AWS. It offers features such as bot mitigation, DDoS protection, and deep inspection of HTTP/HTTPS traffic (Option E).

Comparison with Other Options:

Option A (AWS WAF) is a native AWS service, not a Fortinet offering.

Option B (FortiEDR) is focused on endpoint detection and response, which is not specifically aimed at protecting web applications.

References:

FortiGate CNF Documentation: FortiGate CNF

Fortinet Managed Rules for AWS WAF: Fortinet AWS WAF Rules

FortiWeb Cloud Overview: FortiWeb Cloud

DNS Configuration:

For FortiWeb Cloud to effectively protect web applications, the DNS records for the application servers must be configured to point to FortiWeb Cloud. This ensures that all incoming traffic is routed through FortiWeb Cloud for inspection and protection (Option A).

Traffic Filtering:

FortiWeb Cloud provides robust protection by filtering incoming traffic to block the OWASP Top 10 attacks, zero-day threats, and other application layer attacks. This ensures the security and integrity of the web applications it protects (Option B).

Other Options Analysis:

Option C is incorrect because FortiWeb Cloud can protect application servers across different VPCs or regions, not just within the same VPC.

Option D is incorrect because step 2 does not require an AWS S3 bucket; it refers to the inspection and filtering of incoming traffic.

References:

FortiWeb Cloud Overview: FortiWeb Cloud

DNS Configuration for Web Applications: DNS Configuration

SSL Inspection Requirement:

FortiWeb Cloud provides comprehensive SSL inspection capabilities, allowing it to decrypt and inspect HTTPS traffic for threats. This is a crucial feature for many organizations that need to ensure all traffic, including encrypted traffic, is thoroughly inspected (Option C).

Comparison with AWS WAF:

While AWS WAF with Fortinet managed rules provides robust protection, it might not offer the same level of SSL inspection capabilities as FortiWeb Cloud.

Other Considerations:

Option A (Manual WAF signature updates) is incorrect because FortiWeb Cloud updates signatures automatically.

Option B (PCI 6.6 compliance) is a general requirement for any WAF solution, not specific to choosing FortiWeb Cloud over AWS WAF.

Option D (Traffic inspection for malware) is a feature provided by both FortiWeb Cloud and AWS WAF with Fortinet managed rules.

References:

FortiWeb Cloud Overview: FortiWeb Cloud

AWS WAF Documentation: AWS WAF

Web Application Name:

When onboarding a web application to be protected by FortiWeb Cloud, you need to provide a name for the web application. This helps in identifying and managing the application within the FortiWeb Cloud console (Option B).

DNS Records:

To ensure that traffic to your web application is correctly routed through FortiWeb Cloud, you must create DNS records in the domain server that hosts your application. This ensures that requests are directed to FortiWeb Cloud for inspection and protection (Option C).

Other Considerations:

Option A (Waiting for the EC2 instance) is incorrect as it is not a necessary step for onboarding a web application to FortiWeb Cloud.

Option D (Enabling a CDN) is not a mandatory step for onboarding but can be part of a broader strategy for improving performance and protection.

References:

FortiWeb Cloud Documentation: FortiWeb Cloud

ENI Attachment Across Availability Zones:

Elastic Network Interfaces (ENIs) are associated with a specific Availability Zone. They cannot be attached to instances that are in a different Availability Zone than where the ENI was created. Therefore, an ENI created in Availability Zone 1 cannot be attached to an instance in Availability Zone 2 (Option A).

ENI Reattachment:

ENIs can be detached from one instance and reattached to another instance within the same Availability Zone. This flexibility allows for network interface configuration to be preserved across instance changes within the same AZ.

Other Options Analysis:

Option B is incorrect because an ENI can be reattached to any instance in the same AZ.

Option C is incorrect as the primary ENI (eth0) cannot be detached from an instance.

Option D is incorrect because when an ENI is moved, the traffic is directed to the new instance, and there is no redirection to the old instance.

References:

AWS ENI Documentation: Elastic Network Interfaces

AWS Networking Best Practices: AWS Networking

Instance Metadata Traffic:

VPC flow logs do not capture traffic to and from the link-local address 169.254.169.254, which is used for accessing instance metadata (Option A).

DHCP Traffic:

DHCP traffic is not captured by VPC flow logs. This is because DHCP relies on broadcast and multicast traffic, which is excluded from flow logs (Option B).

Security Monitoring:

VPC flow logs can be used as a security tool to monitor the traffic that is reaching the instances. By analyzing the flow logs, administrators can detect suspicious activities and troubleshoot connectivity issues (Option D).

Other Considerations:

Option C is incorrect because flow logs do capture traffic to the reserved IP address of the default VPC router.

Option E is incorrect as VPC flow logs do not provide real-time log streams but rather capture data at intervals and deliver them to CloudWatch or S3.

References:

AWS VPC Flow Logs Documentation: VPC Flow Logs

AWS Networking and Security: AWS Security Monitoring

Implicit Deny Rule:

Similar to traditional firewall rule sets, FortiGate Cloud-Native Firewall (CNF) includes an implicit deny rule at the bottom of each policy set. This means any traffic that does not match an existing rule in the policy set is automatically denied (Option A).

Policy Set Creation:

When a new CNF instance is deployed, a new policy set is created specifically for that instance. This ensures that each CNF instance can have a tailored set of security policies based on the specific needs of the deployment (Option C).

Other Options Analysis:

Option B is incorrect because policy sets do not require manual synchronization; they are applied automatically once configured.

Option D is incorrect as a single CNF instance operates with a single policy set at a time.

References:

FortiGate CNF Documentation: FortiGate CNF

Firewall Policy Best Practices: Fortinet Policies