Huawei H19-301_V3.0 HCSA-Presales-IP Network Certification V3.0 Exam Practice Test

Application-layer DDoS attacks target specific applications or services, such as HTTP floods or DNS amplification. Below is an analysis of each option:

AntiDDoS : This product is specifically designed to detect and mitigate DDoS attacks, including application-layer attacks. It provides real-time traffic analysis and automated mitigation capabilities.

FireHunter : This is a sandbox solution used for detecting advanced threats and malware. It is not designed to defend against DDoS attacks.

USG6000E : This is a next-generation firewall that provides basic DDoS protection but lacks the specialized capabilities of AntiDDoS for large-scale attacks.

HiSec Insight : This is a security analytics platform that provides visibility into threats and vulnerabilities. While it can help identify DDoS activity, it does not actively mitigate attacks.

Thus, the correct answer is A , as AntiDDoS is the best-suited product for defending against application-layer DDoS attacks.

References:

Huawei AntiDDoS Solution Overview, HCSA-Presales-IP Network Documentation.

Understanding SecoManager Deployment Modes:

SecoManager is a security controller that integrates with Huawei's iMaster NCE platforms to manage security policies across networks.

Analysis of Each Mode:

Integrated deployment with iMaster NCE-IP:Supported for managing security in IP/MPLS networks.

Integrated deployment with iMaster NCE-Fabric:Supported for data center and cloud fabric security management.

Integrated deployment with iMaster NCE-Campus: Not supportedbecause SecoManager focuses on specialized security scenarios, while iMaster NCE-Campus manages campus networks.

Independent deployment:Supported for standalone security management.

Conclusion:The correct answer is Option C, as integrated deployment with iMaster NCE-Campus is not a valid SecoManager deployment mode.

References:

HCSA-Presales-IP Network V3.0 Training Material, Chapter 11: Security Solutions.

Huawei SecoManager Product Documentation.

The evolution of data centers has progressed through several distinct phases, driven by advancements in technology and changing business requirements. Below is an analysis of each phase:

Centralized : Early data centers were centralized, with all resources (servers, storage, and networking) located in a single physical location. This model was simple but lacked scalability and flexibility.

Multi-site and multi-cloud : Modern data centers often span multiple physical locations and integrate with public, private, and hybrid clouds. This phase emphasizes distributed architectures and cloud-native applications.

Distributed : As workloads grew, data centers evolved into distributed models, where resources are spread across multiple sites to improve redundancy, scalability, and performance.

Virtualization : Virtualization technologies enabled the abstraction of physical resources, allowing multiple virtual machines (VMs) or containers to run on a single physical server. This phase significantly improved resource utilization and flexibility.

All four options represent key phases in the evolution of data centers.

References:

Huawei Data Center Network Evolution White Paper, HCSA-Presales-IP Network Documentation.

MACsec(Media Access Control Security) is aLayer 2 security protocolthat provides end-to-end encryption for Ethernet frames. It ensuresconfidentiality, integrity, and authenticityof data on wired networks.

A (Service data encryption):Encrypts Ethernet frames to protect against eavesdropping.

B (Data frame integrity check):Prevents data tampering and corruption.

C (Replay protection):Detects and prevents replay attacks by using unique sequence numbers.

D (Data source authenticity verification):Ensures that received data is from a legitimate source by using cryptographic authentication.

????Reference:HCSA-Presales-IP Network Official Documentation – MACsec Features & Security Benefits

Huawei'sAirEngineseries access points (APs) are designed for high-performance wireless networking. Some models include2.5GE uplink portsto support higher bandwidth requirements for modern applications like video streaming and IoT. The following models support 2.5GE uplink ports:

AirEngine 5760-51:High-performance Wi-Fi 6 AP with 2.5GE ports.

AirEngine 5761-21:Compact Wi-Fi 6 AP with 2.5GE ports.

AirEngine 6761-21T:Outdoor Wi-Fi 6 AP with 2.5GE ports.

TheAirEngine 6761-21andAirEngine 5762-12do not support 2.5GE uplink ports, making them unsuitable for scenarios requiring higher bandwidth.

References:

HCSA-Presales-IP Network Study Guide, Section: "AirEngine Series Features and Specifications."

Huawei AirEngine Product Documentation, Uplink Port Details.

Huawei'sCloudWAN solutiontargets several key government WAN scenarios and market opportunities:

Dedicated networks for cities:Provides connectivity for smart city initiatives, including public safety, transportation, and utilities.

National broadband network:Supports nationwide broadband infrastructure for government services and citizens.

Dedicated networks for provinces:Enables regional connectivity for provincial governments and agencies.

Dedicated networks for ministries:Serves specific government departments like MOI, MOE, MOF, and MOD, ensuring secure and reliable communication.

Asset management networkis not a typical WAN scenario but rather a subset of IoT or enterprise applications, making it irrelevant in this context.

References:

HCSA-Presales-IP Network Study Guide, Section: "Government WAN Scenarios and Opportunities."

Huawei CloudWAN Solution Documentation, Government Use Cases.

WhileForward Error Correction (FEC)is a valuable feature in Huawei's SD-WAN solution for mitigating packet loss, it is not recommended to enable FEC forall traffic. FEC introduces additional overhead by transmitting redundant data, which can consume bandwidth and degrade performance for non-critical traffic.Instead, FEC should be selectively enabled for sensitive applications (e.g., real-time voice and video) where packet loss has a significant impact. This approach balances performance and resource utilization effectively.

References:

HCSA-Presales-IP Network Study Guide, Section: "SD-WAN Packet Loss Mitigation Techniques."

Huawei SD-WAN Solution Documentation, FEC Configuration Guidelines.

MACsec (Media Access Control Security)is a Layer 2 encryption protocol designed to secure Ethernet communications. It provides confidentiality, integrity, and replay protection for data transmitted over wired networks. The IEEE standard corresponding to MACsec is802.1AE, which defines the protocol's mechanisms for encrypting and authenticating Ethernet frames.Other options refer to unrelated standards:

802.1ab:Defines Link Layer Discovery Protocol (LLDP) for network discovery.

802.1p:Specifies priority tagging for Quality of Service (QoS).

802.1at:Defines Power over Ethernet Plus (PoE+).

References:

HCSA-Presales-IP Network Study Guide, Section: "MACsec and Network Security."

IEEE 802.1AE Standard Documentation.

Data Center Networks (DCNs) are evolving towards All-Ethernet architecturesdue to various IT changes.

Key IT changes driving All-Ethernet DCNs include:

A (HDD to SSD transition)→ Increases storage speed, reducing network latency.

B (Centralized to Distributed IT architecture)→ Improves efficiency and scalability.

D (Enterprise Service migration to Cloud)→ Requires a more flexible, high-bandwidth network.

C (PCIe replacement) is incorrect because PCIe is not replaced but rather evolves to newer versions (e.g., PCIe Gen5/Gen6) to support high-speed connections inside servers.

????Reference:HCSA-Presales-IP Network Official Documentation – Data Center Evolution and All-Ethernet Trends

Understanding the Network Layer:

The network layer (Layer 3 of the OSI model) is responsible for end-to-end packet delivery, including routing and addressing. Protocols operating at this layer handle logical addressing and path determination.

Explanation of Each Protocol:

IPv6:The next-generation Internet Protocol, which operates at the network layer to provide addressing and routing for packets.

ICMPv6:Internet Control Message Protocol version 6, used for error reporting and diagnostic functions in IPv6 networks. It operates at the network layer.

IPv4:The current widely-used Internet Protocol, which operates at the network layer to provide addressing and routing for packets.

OSPF:Open Shortest Path First is a dynamic routing protocol that operates at the network layer to exchange routing information between routers.

ICMP:Internet Control Message Protocol, used for error reporting and diagnostic functions in IPv4 networks. It operates at the network layer.

Conclusion:IPv6, ICMPv6, IPv4, and ICMP all operate at the network layer. OSPF is also correct because it is a routing protocol that works at Layer 3.

References:

HCSA-Presales-IP Network V3.0 Training Material, Chapter 2: IP Routing Fundamentals.

Huawei Networking Technology and Device (HNTD) Documentation.

Huawei'sAdaptive Security Engine (ASE)is a key feature in its security products, such as firewalls. ASE dynamically allocates CPU resources to different service modules (e.g., firewall, intrusion prevention, antivirus) based on real-time traffic demands. This ensures optimal resource utilization and performance.Additionally, ASE supportscomponent-based function delivery, allowing administrators to enable or disable specific security features as needed. This flexibility enhances scalability and reduces unnecessary resource consumption.

The statement accurately describes the functionality of ASE, making itTRUE.

References:

HCSA-Presales-IP Network Study Guide, Section: "Adaptive Security Engine Features."

Huawei Security Product Documentation, ASE Overview.

Moderndata center networksrequirehigh scalability and efficiencyto handle cloud computing workloads. Key requirements include:

Support for large-scale server connectivity(tens or hundreds of thousands of servers).

High-bandwidth networking(100G/400G Ethernet links).

Automated network managementusing AI-driven controllers likeiMaster NCE-Fabric.

Software-Defined Networking (SDN)for dynamic traffic optimization.

????Reference:HCSA-Presales-IP Network Official Study Guide, Data Center Network Architecture

Huawei's Expertise in Datacom Technologies:

Huawei has been a leader in data communication technologies for over two decades, investing heavily in research and development.

Research Centers Worldwide:

As of the latest documentation, Huawei operates 14 research centers globally. These centers focus on innovation in areas such as 5G, AI, cloud computing, and networking technologies.

Conclusion:The statement is TRUE, as Huawei has indeed established 14 research centers worldwide and has over 26 years of expertise in datacom technologies.

References:

HCSA-Presales-IP Network V3.0 Training Material, Chapter 1: Huawei Overview.

Huawei Annual Report and Official Website.

Overview of Huawei Wi-Fi 6 Technologies:

Huawei Wi-Fi 6 incorporates several innovative technologies to enhanceperformance, reliability, and user experience in wireless networks.

Explanation of Each Technology:

SmartRadio for Air Interface Optimization:This technology optimizes air interface efficiency, improving throughput and reducing interference.

Intelligent multimedia scheduling:Ensures prioritized delivery of voice, video, and other critical services, enhancing user experience.

Industry-leading smart antennas:Provide better signal coverage and capacity by dynamically adjusting beamforming directions.

AI roaming steering:Uses artificial intelligence to predict and optimize client roaming behavior, ensuring seamless connectivity.

Conclusion:All four options are advantageous technologies of Huawei Wi-Fi 6.

References:

HCSA-Presales-IP Network V3.0 Training Material, Chapter 8: WLAN Solutions.

Huawei AirEngine Product Documentation.

TheHuawei NetEngine AR6100 seriesis a line ofenterprise-class SD-WAN routersdesigned for:

Small- and medium-sized branch offices, offeringcost-effectiveconnectivity.

Supports SD-WAN featuresforintelligent traffic steering, application acceleration, and cloud access.

Integrates security functions, includingfirewalls, IPS, and VPNs, forbranch security.

????Reference:HCSA-Presales-IP Network Official Study Guide, Huawei NetEngine AR Series Overview

The Huawei CloudEngine S12700E series is a high-end modular switch designed for enterprise campus networks. Below are the explanations for each highlighted feature:

Ultra-large buffer and HQoS scheduling, delivering optimal user experience of key applications : The S12700E series features a large buffer and advanced Hierarchical Quality of Service (HQoS) scheduling, ensuring smooth performance for critical applications even under heavy traffic conditions.

Powerful slot forwarding capability, building Wi-Fi 6 high-speed channels : The switch supports high-speed forwarding capabilities, making it ideal for supporting Wi-Fi 6 networks and handling the increased bandwidth demands of modern applications.

Control and switching separation, on-demand configuration, and flexible capacity expansion : The S12700E adopts a control-switching separation architecture, allowing users to configure resources on demand and expand capacity flexibly as needed.

Redundancy design for key components, ensuring 99.999% reliability : The switch includes redundant power supplies, fans, and control boards, ensuring high availability and reliability for mission-critical environments.

All four options are valid highlight features of the CloudEngine S12700E series.

References:

Huawei CloudEngine S12700E Series Switch Product Documentation, HCSA-Presales-IP Network Documentation.

Enterprise networks are vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks, including:

Remote code execution:Attackers exploit vulnerabilities to execute malicious code on target systems, potentially gaining full control.

Cross-site attacks:Includes Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) and Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF), where attackers manipulate web applications to steal data or perform unauthorized actions.

Command line injection:Attackers inject malicious commands into input fields, compromising system integrity.

Brute-force attacks:Attackers attempt to guess passwords or encryption keys through repeated trial-and-error attempts.

These attack methods highlight the importance of implementing robust security measures, such asfirewalls, intrusion detection/prevention systems, and regular patching.

References:

HCSA-Presales-IP Network Study Guide, Section: "Common Cyberattack Methods."

Huawei Security Solution Documentation, Threat Landscape Overview.

Redundancy Technologies for Leaf Switches:

To enhance redundancy in data center networks, technologies like stacking and M-LAG (Multi-Chassis Link Aggregation Group) are commonly used.

Huawei CloudEngine 6881 Capabilities:

TheCloudEngine 6881series switchesdo support M-LAG, enabling active-active redundancy between two switches. This ensures high availability and load balancing.

Conclusion:The statement is FALSE because the CloudEngine 6881 supports M-LAG.

References:

HCSA-Presales-IP Network V3.0 Training Material, Chapter 7: Data Center Solutions.

Huawei CloudEngine 6881 Product Documentation.

The Huawei CloudEngine 12700E series switches are designed with modularity and high reliability in mind. One of their key features is the ability to perform hot swapping of components, including fan modules. Hot swapping allows users to install or remove fan modules without shutting down the switch or affecting the operation of other fan modules. This ensures continuous cooling and minimizes downtime during maintenance.

The statement is therefore TRUE , as it accurately reflects the capabilities of the CloudEngine 12700E series.

References:

Huawei CloudEngine 12700E Series Switch Hardware Guide, HCSA-Presales-IP Network Documentation.

Huawei'sAR routersoffer flexible configurations for fixed ports and modular cards, enabling them to adapt to various networking scenarios. Key points include:

LAN-to-WAN switching:LAN ports can be converted to WAN ports using theundo portswitchcommand, allowing greater flexibility in network design.

WAN-to-LAN switching:Some AR router models support converting WAN ports to LAN ports, depending on the hardware and software capabilities.

Layer 2 card limitations:Layer 2 cards configured with VLANIF interfaces can perform basic Layer 3 forwarding but lack advanced features like NAT, MPLS, IPsec, and HQoS.

The claim thatall Layer 2 cards support LAN/WAN switchingis incorrect. Only specific models and configurations support this functionality, making option D false.

References:

HCSA-Presales-IP Network Study Guide, Section: "AR Router Port and Card Configurations."

Huawei AR Router Product Documentation, Port Switching and Layer 2 Card Features.

AWLAN (Wireless Local Area Network)is anetwork that connects wireless devices (Wi-Fi terminals) via access points (APs)using the802.11 protocol.

(A) LAN – False:A LAN is a broader concept that includes both wired and wireless networks.

(B) WAN – False:A WAN connects geographically distant networks, not local wireless devices.

(C) WLAN – True:APs connect to the wired network via Ethernet and provide wireless connectivity to devices.

(D) MAN – False:A MAN (Metropolitan Area Network) spans a city or large area, not limited to wireless connectivity.

Huawei AirEngine 6761-2ITis a high-performance Wi-Fi 6 AP.

Correct answer:It has a 2.5GE uplink port, allowing forhigh-speed wired backhaulto support multi-gigabit wireless speeds.

Incorrect options explained:

A (Supports two radios in maximum):Incorrect, it supportsdual-band radiosbut offers flexible radio configurations.

B (Has an optical port):No, it only hasEthernet-based uplink ports.

D (Supports 5.95 Gbps max wireless rate):Incorrect,it supports higher speedsbased on802.11ax technology.

????Reference:HCSA-Presales-IP Network Official Documentation – AirEngine 6761-2IT Datasheet

In adata center network, three primary types of resources are connected:

Storage:Includes storage arrays and systems that provide data persistence and retrieval capabilities.

High-performance computing (HPC):Supports compute-intensive workloads like scientific simulations and AI training.

General-purpose computing:Handles everyday workloads such as web hosting, application servers, and virtual machines.

These resources are interconnected through the data center network, enabling seamless communication and resource sharing. Each type serves a distinct purpose, catering to different application requirements.

References:

HCSA-Presales-IP Network Study Guide, Section: "Data Center Network Resources."

Huawei Data Center Network Solution Documentation, Resource Types.

Overview of the S8700 Switch:

The S8700 series is part of Huawei's high-end campus core switches, designed for large-scale enterprise networks. It offers advanced hardware features to meet demanding requirements.

Analysis of Each Option:

Option A:The S8700 supports ultra-high PoE++ output capability, enabling long-distance power delivery for devices such as Wi-Fi access points and IP cameras.

Option B:The main control boards in the S8700 operate in 1:1 backup mode, ensuring seamless failover without packet loss or performance degradation.

Option C:This statement is incorrect. Service subcards arenot integratedon the main control board panel; they are separate components that enhance flexibility.

Option D:The S8700 supports ultra-high-density cards with GE optical, GE electrical, and 10GE optical ports, providing versatile connectivity options.

Conclusion:The correct hardware characteristics are Options A, B, and D.

References:

HCSA-Presales-IP Network V3.0 Training Material, Chapter 6: Core Switch Product Portfolio.

Huawei S8700 Series Switch Product Documentation.

Comprehensive and Detailed in Depth Explanation:An enterprise WAN (Wide Area Network) is designed to connect geographically dispersed locations within an organization. The primary interconnections include:

Option A: Enterprise headquarters and branches are commonly interconnected via WAN to enable centralized management and resource sharing.

Option B: Carrier networks and enterprise networks are not part of the enterprise WAN itself but represent external connectivity provided by service providers.

Option C: Enterprise campus networks and data centers are interconnected to ensure seamless access to centralized resources and applications.

Option D: Enterprise office networks and production networks are interconnected to facilitate collaboration and operational efficiency.

These interconnections form the backbone of an enterprise WAN, enabling cross-region communication and resource sharing.

References:

Huawei HCSA-Presales-IP Network Documentation: Enterprise WAN Architecture

Huawei Enterprise Networking Solutions Overview

SecoManager supports multiple deployment modes to meet the needs of different security scenarios. Below is an analysis of each option:

Independent deployment : SecoManager can be deployed as a standalone solution for managing security devices across the network.

Integrated deployment with iMaster NCE-IP : SecoManager can integrate with iMaster NCE-IP to provide unified management of IP/MPLS networks and security policies.

Integrated deployment with iMaster NCE-Campus : This is not a supported deployment mode for SecoManager. SecoManager focuses on security management, while iMaster NCE-Campus is tailored for campus network management.

Integrated deployment with iMaster NCE-Fabric : SecoManager can integrate with iMaster NCE-Fabric to manage security policies in cloud data centers and intent-driven networks.

Thus, the correct answer is C , as SecoManager does not support integration with iMaster NCE-Campus.

References:

Huawei SecoManager Deployment Guide, HCSA-Presales-IP Network Documentation.

Understanding Multi-GE Switches:

Multi-GE switches support ports with speeds higher than 1 Gbps but lower than 10 Gbps, such as 2.5 Gbps or 5 Gbps. These switches are ideal for high-density Wi-Fi 6 deployments and other bandwidth-intensive applications.

Analysis of Each Series:

S5731-H:This series includes multi-GE ports, making it suitable for high-speed access and aggregation scenarios.

S5736-S:This series does not include multi-GE ports; it primarily supports standard 1 Gbps and 10 Gbps interfaces.

S6730-H:This series supports multi-GE ports and is designed for high-performance campus networks.

S5732-H:This series includes multi-GE ports and is optimized for enterprise campus and branch networks.

Conclusion:The S5731-H, S6730-H, and S5732-H series switches are multi-GE switches.

References:

HCSA-Presales-IP Network V3.0 Training Material, Chapter 6: Switch Product Portfolio.

Huawei Campus Switch Product Documentation.

Huawei'sCloudEngine series switchesare designed to meet the evolving demands of modern data center networks (DCNs). For customers requiring25G Top-of-Rack (TOR) switches, theCE6881is the ideal choice.Key details about the models mentioned:

CE6820:A lower-end switch that does not support 25G ports.

CE6870:Primarily supports 10G and 40G ports, not 25G.

CE6881:Specifically designed for 25G access and 100G uplinks, making it suitable for AI-era DCNs.

CE6863E:Focuses on high-density 100G/400G switching, not 25G TOR requirements.

TheCE6881aligns perfectly with the need for 25G TOR switches, enabling higher bandwidth and scalability for AI and cloud workloads.

References:

HCSA-Presales-IP Network Study Guide, Section: "Data Center Switch Portfolio."

Huawei CloudEngine Series Product Documentation, CE6881 Specifications.

Huawei AirEngine 5762-12is a Wi-Fi 6 AP designed for enterprise networks.

Key specifications:

Supports a maximum device rate of 5.95 Gbps (not 2.975 Gbps)

Does not include a USB port

Supports the leader AP featurefor intelligent network management

Equipped with two GE (Gigabit Ethernet) uplink ports, ensuring high-speed connectivity and redundancy.

????Reference:HCSA-Presales-IP Network Official Documentation – AirEngine 5762-12 Datasheet

Dynamic Routing Protocols Overview:

Dynamic routing protocols enable routers to exchange routing information dynamically, allowing them to adapt to changes in the network topology automatically.

Explanation of Each Protocol:

OSPF (Open Shortest Path First):A link-state routing protocol that uses the Dijkstra algorithm to calculate the shortest path to destinations. It is widely used in enterprise networks.

IS-IS (Intermediate System to Intermediate System):Another link-state routing protocol, similar to OSPF, but primarily used in service provider networks.

RIP (Routing Information Protocol):A distance-vector routing protocol that uses hop count as its metric. It is simple but less scalable compared to OSPF and IS-IS.

BGP (Border Gateway Protocol):A path-vector routing protocol used for inter-domain routing (e.g., between autonomous systems). It is the backbone of the Internet.

Conclusion:All four options (OSPF, IS-IS, RIP, and BGP) are dynamic routing protocols.

References:

HCSA-Presales-IP Network V3.0 Training Material, Chapter 2: IP Routing Protocols.

Huawei Enterprise Networking Product Documentation.

Huawei'sdata center autonomous driving networkis classified asL3: conditional autonomous network. This level represents a significant advancement in network automation, where the system can handle most tasks autonomously but still requires human oversight for complex or exceptional scenarios.The levels of autonomous driving networks are defined as follows:

L0:Fully manual operations with no automation.

L1:Basic automation with assisted O&M tools.

L2:Partial autonomy, where some tasks are automated.

L3:Conditional autonomy, enabling self-driving capabilities under specific conditions.

L4:High autonomy, capable of handling nearly all tasks without human intervention.

Huawei's L3 implementation ensures efficient and reliable operations while maintaining flexibility for human intervention when needed.

References:

HCSA-Presales-IP Network Study Guide, Section: "Autonomous Driving Network Levels."

Huawei Autonomous Driving Network Documentation, L3 Capabilities.

iMaster NCE (Network Cloud Engine) uses NETCONF (Network Configuration Protocol) to deliver configurations to network devices. NETCONF is an XML-based protocol that provides a standardized way to configure and manage network devices programmatically.

Telemetry : Used for collecting operational data from devices, not for configuration delivery.

SDN : Refers to a broader concept of software-defined networking, not a specific protocol.

RESTful : Used for API interactions but not for device configuration.

Thus, the correct answer is A , as NETCONF is the primary protocol used by iMaster NCE for configuration delivery.

References:

Huawei iMaster NCE Protocol Guide, HCSA-Presales-IP Network Documentation.

Huawei's datacom portfolio includes the "Four Engines," which represent key product lines for different networking domains:

NetEngine:High-performance routers for enterprise WAN and data center interconnects.

CloudEngine:Data center switches designed for high-density, low-latency environments.

AirEngine:Wireless access points (APs) for Wi-Fi 6 and beyond.

HiSecEngine:Security products, including firewalls and intrusion prevention systems.

The optionAREnginedoes not belong to the "Four Engines" lineup. It appears to be unrelated to Huawei's official datacom product categories.

References:

HCSA-Presales-IP Network Study Guide, Section: "Huawei Datacom Portfolio Overview."

Huawei Product Catalog, Four Engines Framework.

Huawei'shybrid cableis designed to future-proof network infrastructure by supporting ultra-long-distance power and data transmission. It eliminates the need for frequent cabling replacements, saving customers from the cost and effort of upgrading their cabling infrastructure multiple times.According to Huawei's official documentation, deploying hybrid cables can save customers10-15 yearsof cabling replacement workload in one deployment. This longevity is achieved through advanced materials and design that support higher bandwidth and extended power delivery over long distances.

References:

HCSA-Presales-IP Network Study Guide, Section: "Hybrid Cable Benefits and Longevity."

Huawei Hybrid Cable Solution Documentation, Investment Protection.

Option A:In traditional IP routing, each router in the network must maintain a routing table that contains network-wide routes or at least the routes relevant to its operation. This ensures that packets can be forwarded correctly to their destination.

Option B:Traditional IP routing operates on the principle of the "longest match rule." When a router receives a packet, it examines the destination IP address and matches it against the entries in its routing table. The longest prefix match determines the next hop for the packet.

Option C:Traditional IP networks are inherently connectionless, meaning there is no dedicated path established between the source and destination before data transmission. This lack of connection-oriented mechanisms makes it challenging to guarantee Quality of Service (QoS) across the entire network.

Option D:In traditional IP networks, packets are forwarded using a hop-by-hop mechanism. Each router along the path decapsulates the packet, inspects its headers, and forwards it to the next hop based on its routing table.

References:

HCSA-Presales-IP Network V3.0 Training Material, Chapter 2: IP Routing Fundamentals.

Huawei Networking Technology and Device (HNTD) Documentation.

Factors Affecting Wireless Rate:

The wireless rate (throughput) of a Wi-Fi AP depends on multiple factors, including hardware capabilities, environmental conditions, and configuration settings.

Explanation of Each Factor:

CPU performance:The AP's CPU processes data packets and performs tasks like encryption/decryption. Higher CPU performance enables better throughput.

SNR (Signal-to-Noise Ratio):A higher SNR indicates a stronger signal relative to noise, resulting in better data rates.

Spatial stream:Wi-Fi 6 supports multiple spatial streams (MIMO), increasing throughput by transmitting multiple data streams simultaneously.

Frequency bandwidth:Wider channels (e.g., 20 MHz, 40 MHz, 80 MHz, or 160 MHz) allow higher data rates but may increase interference in crowded environments.

Conclusion:All four options are factors that affect the wireless rate of a Wi-Fi AP.

References:

HCSA-Presales-IP Network V3.0 Training Material, Chapter 8: WLAN Solutions.

Huawei AirEngine Product Documentation.

Huawei'sAirEngineseries includes a range of Wi-Fi 6 APs with varying capabilities:

AirEngine 5762-12:Supports a maximum device rate of2.975 Gbps, not 1.775 Gbps, making option A incorrect.

AirEngine 6761-21:Supports a maximum device rate of3.55 Gbps, making option B correct.

AirEngine 5762-12SW:Does support the leader AP feature, making option C incorrect.

AirEngine 5761-11:Does not have 2.5GE ports, making option D incorrect.

TheAirEngine 6761-21stands out for its high performance, making it suitable for demanding environments like large enterprises and campuses.

References:

HCSA-Presales-IP Network Study Guide, Section: "AirEngine Series Performance Metrics."

Huawei AirEngine Product Documentation, Device Rate Specifications.

Understanding Telnet:Telnet is a protocol used for remote management of networkdevices. Unlike console port management, which requires a physical connection, Telnet operates over the network.

Address Requirement:For Telnet communication to occur, the client must have an IP address. This is because Telnet relies on the TCP/IP protocol suite, and communication is established using IP addresses.

Why Not Other Options?

VLAN:A VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network) is a logical segmentation of a network but does not directly represent an address for communication.

AS:An Autonomous System (AS) is a collection of IP networks under a single administrative domain, not an address type.

MAC:A MAC address is a hardware identifier used at Layer 2 of the OSI model. While important for local network communication, it is not sufficient for Telnet, which operates at Layer 3.

Conclusion:The correct answer is IP, as it is the fundamental addressing scheme required for Telnet communication.

References:

HCSA-Presales-IP Network V3.0 Training Material, Chapter 5: Network Management Protocols.

Huawei Enterprise Networking Product Documentation.

In theMOX (Ministries of Government)scenario, where high-performance and scalable WAN connectivity is required, Huawei recommends theNetEngine 8000 Xseries as the backbone router.Key reasons for this recommendation:

NetEngine 8000 X:Designed for ultra-high-capacity WAN backbones, supporting terabit-level throughput and advanced features like SRv6 and EVPN.

NetEngine 8000 M6/MIC/F1A:These models are more suited for aggregation or access roles rather than backbone routing.

TheNetEngine 8000 Xis ideal for government networks due to its ability to handle massive traffic volumes, ensure low latency, and support future-proof technologies.

References:

HCSA-Presales-IP Network Study Guide, Section: "Government WAN Scenarios and Router Recommendations."

Huawei NetEngine 8000 Series Product Documentation, Backbone Router Use Cases.

Understanding SRv6 Capabilities:

SRv6 (Segment Routing over IPv6) is a next-generation networking technology that enables flexible traffic engineering and seamless traversal across different types of private lines.

Huawei NetEngine AR821 E Support for SRv6:

TheNetEngine AR821 Erouter supports SRv6, making it suitable for SD-WAN andWAN deployments where traffic optimization and path control are critical.

Conclusion:The statement is TRUE because SRv6 can traverse all types of private lines, and the NetEngine AR821 E supports SRv6.

References:

HCSA-Presales-IP Network V3.0 Training Material, Chapter 4: Router Product Portfolio.

Huawei NetEngine Router Product Documentation.

Autonomous Driving Network (ADN) Levels:

The ADN standard defines six levels (L0 to L5), ranging from manual operations (L0) to fully autonomous operations (L5).

Highest Level (L5):

AtL5, the network achieves full autonomy, capable of self-configuration, self-optimization, and self-healing without human intervention.

Conclusion:The statement is TRUE because the highest level of the ADN standard is indeed L5: full autonomous network.

References:

HCSA-Presales-IP Network V3.0 Training Material, Chapter 7: Data Center Solutions.

Huawei Autonomous Driving Network White Paper.

Comparison of Uplink Ports and Reliability:

Non-Huawei switches often rely on subcards to expand uplink ports, which can introduce complexity and potential points of failure.

Huawei S6730-H24X6CI and S6730-H48X6C switches come withbuilt-in six 100GE uplink ports, eliminating the need for additional subcards. This design simplifies deployment and enhances reliability.

Advantages in Project Response:

Built-in uplink ports reduce configuration time and improve operational efficiency.

Higher reliability ensures consistent performance, which is crucial for mission-critical applications.

Conclusion:The statement is TRUE because the S6730-H series switches offer built-in 100GE uplink ports and superior reliability compared to non-Huawei switches.

References:

HCSA-Presales-IP Network V3.0 Training Material, Chapter 6: Switch Product Portfolio.

Huawei Campus Switch Product Documentation.

Overview of Huawei's Wireless Backhaul Solution:

Huawei's wireless backhaul solution for rail transportation ensures reliable communication for train control systems, passenger services, and other applications.

Analysis of Each Statement:

Option A:The handover delay in Huawei's solution can indeed be as low as30 ms, ensuring seamless connectivity during train movement.

Option B:The solution supportshighly reliable active-active links, providing redundancy and fault tolerance.

Option C:The solution is designed to carry critical systems liketrain control signals, ensuring safety and efficiency.

Option D:This is incorrect because Huawei's solution supports backhaul even at speeds of160 km/h or higher, making it suitable for high-speed rail networks.

Conclusion:The correct statements are Options A, B, and C.

References:

HCSA-Presales-IP Network V3.0 Training Material, Chapter 10: Rail Transportation Solutions.

Huawei Rail Transportation Solution Brochure.

Huawei'sAI roaming technologyenhances wireless network performance by optimizing roamingbehavior for client devices (STAs). Key features include:

Optimal roaming experience:Ensures seamless roaming for different types of STAs, improving wireless speeds by up to30%.

Flexible steering policies:Supports dynamic and differentiated steering based on STA profiles, making option BFALSE.

802.11V support:Requires STAs to support the 802.11V standard for efficient roaming.

The claim that roaming steering policies are inflexible is incorrect, as AI roaming leverages intelligent algorithms to adapt policies dynamically based on network conditions and device characteristics.

References:

HCSA-Presales-IP Network Study Guide, Section: "AI Roaming Technology and Benefits."

Huawei WLAN Solution Documentation, AI Roaming Features.

Wired and wireless convergence is a key trend in modern campus networks, enabling unified management and seamless connectivity across wired and wireless devices. Huawei switches equippedwithWireless Access Controller (WAC) cardsintegrate wired and wireless functions into a single platform. This integration provides:

Hardware-level convergence:Combines switching and wireless control capabilities in one device.

Software-level convergence:Enables centralized management, policy enforcement, and traffic optimization for both wired and wireless networks.

This approach simplifies network architecture, reduces costs, and improves operational efficiency, making it a preferred solution for converged campus networks.

References:

HCSA-Presales-IP Network Study Guide, Section: "Wired and Wireless Convergence Trends."

Huawei Campus Network Solution Documentation, WAC Card Features.

Huawei offersWi-Fi 6 APswithoptical uplink portsto support high-speed backhaul:

(A) AirEngine 6760-X1 (True):Supportsoptical portsfor high-speed uplink.

(B) AirEngine 5760-51 (False):Doesnothave optical ports.

(C) AirEngine 5762-15HW (True):Equipped withfiber uplink ports.

(D) AP7060DN (True):Supports10G optical uplink, ensuringhigh-speed data transmission.

(E) AirEngine 6761-21 (True):Providesoptical uplink portsforhigh-bandwidth backhaul.

????Reference:HCSA-Presales-IP Network Official Study Guide, Huawei Wi-Fi 6 APs Specifications

Comprehensive and Detailed in Depth Explanation:Huawei IoT APs support multiple methods for integrating IoT modules or functionalities:

Option A: The USB interface allows external IoT modules to be connected to the AP, enabling flexible expansion.

Option B: Some Huawei IoT APs come with built-in IoT chips, providing native support for IoT protocols like RFID and Bluetooth.

Option C: The PCIe interface is another method for integrating IoT modules, offering high-speed connectivity for advanced IoT applications.

Option D: The PoE out port is used to power external devices but does not directly integrate IoT functionality.

These integration methods ensure that Huawei IoT APs can adapt to various IoT use cases, such as asset tracking, environmental monitoring, and smart building management.

References:

Huawei HCSA-Presales-IP Network Documentation: IoT Integration in WLAN APs

Huawei AirEngine Series Product Specifications

Environmental Tolerance of Huawei NetEngine 8000 Series:

The Huawei NetEngine 8000 series is designed for robust performance in challenging environments, including extreme temperatures.

Temperature Range and Outdoor Installation:

These routers are certified to operate in temperatures ranging from-40°C to +65°C, making them suitable for deployment in outdoor cabinets or harsh conditions.

Conclusion:The statement is TRUE because the NetEngine 8000 series supports the specified temperature range and can be installed in outdoor cabinets.

References:

HCSA-Presales-IP Network V3.0 Training Material, Chapter 4: Router Product Portfolio.

Huawei NetEngine 8000 Series Product Documentation.

Overview of Huawei CloudFabric 3.0:

Huawei CloudFabric 3.0 is a next-generation data center network solution that emphasizes automation, intelligence, and unified connectivity for diverse workloads.

Analysis of Each Differentiator:

Full-lifecycle automation:CloudFabric 3.0 provides end-to-end automation for provisioning, configuration, and management, reducing operational complexity.

Network-wide intelligent O&M:AI-driven tools enable proactive fault detection, analysis, and resolution, improving network reliability.

All-wireless access:This is incorrect. CloudFabric 3.0 focuses on wired Ethernet networks rather than all-wireless access.

All-Ethernet storage and HPC network:CloudFabric 3.0 supports unified Ethernet-based connectivity for storage, high-performance computing (HPC), and other workloads, simplifying infrastructure.

Conclusion:The correct differentiators are Options A, B, and D.

References:

HCSA-Presales-IP Network V3.0 Training Material, Chapter 7: Data Center Solutions.

Huawei CloudFabric 3.0 Solution Brochure.

MACsec (Media Access Control Security) is a Layer 2 encryption protocol that ensures secure communication between devices in a network. It provides data confidentiality, integrity, and replay protection at the Ethernet layer. Below is an analysis of each option:

NetEngine 8000 MIA : This model supports MACsec, making it suitable for secure WAN and data center interconnections.

NetEngine 8000 F1A : This model also supports MACsec, enabling secure high-speed connections.

NetEngine 8000 MIC : The MIC series does not support MACsec, as it is primarily designed for modular interfaces without encryption capabilities.

NetEngine 8000 M6 : This model supports MACsec, ensuring secure communication for enterprise networks.

Thus, the correct answers are A , B , and D .

References:

Huawei NetEngine 8000 Series Router Product Documentation, HCSA-Presales-IP Network Documentation.

Redundancy ensures network reliabilityby providing backup mechanisms to avoid single points of failure.

TheHuawei CloudEngine S8700switch offers:

Microsecond-level active/standby MPLI switchover, which is10 times fasterthan the industry average.

High availabilitythrough redundant components, such asdual power supplies, dual main processing units (MPUs), and hot-swappable fans.

????Reference:HCSA-Presales-IP Network Official Documentation – CloudEngine S8700 Redundancy Features

Features Supported by Huawei NetEngine Routers:

Huawei NetEngine routers are designed for various use cases, including WAN, data center interconnect (DCI), and enterprise networking. However, not all models support every advanced feature.

Analysis of Features:

IPsec:Most NetEngine routers support IPsec for secure communication over public networks.

VXLAN:VXLAN support is limited to specific models optimized for data center or cloud environments.

MACsec:MACsec is supported only on certain high-end models for Layer 2 encryption.

FlexE:FlexE is a feature available only on select high-end NetEngine routers designed for 5G transport and DCI.

Conclusion:The statement is FALSE because not all NetEngine routers support all four features (IPsec, VXLAN, MACsec, and FlexE).

References:

HCSA-Presales-IP Network V3.0 Training Material, Chapter 4: Router Product Portfolio.

Huawei NetEngine Router Product Documentation.

MPLS (Multiprotocol Label Switching) uses labels to forward packets efficiently along predefined paths called Label Switched Paths (LSPs). These labels are assigned dynamically using protocols likeLabel Distribution Protocol (LDP)or RSVP-TE (Resource Reservation Protocol - Traffic Engineering).While static routing and manual configuration can define paths, they do not involve dynamic label assignment.Similarly, direct routes are not related to MPLS label distribution. LDP is specifically designed to exchange label information between routers, enabling MPLS forwarding.

References:

HCSA-Presales-IP Network Study Guide, Section: "MPLS Architecture and Label Distribution."

Huawei MPLS Technology Documentation, LDP Configuration.

HuaweiSD-WAN architectureconsists of:

Physical Underlay Network:

Composed ofMPLS, Internet, or LTE links.

Providesbasic connectivitybetween branches and data centers.

Virtual Overlay Network:

Usestunnels (IPSec, GRE, VXLAN)to createlogical connectionsbetween sites.

Completely decoupledfrom thephysical underlay, enabling flexible traffic management.

????Reference:HCSA-Presales-IP Network Official Study Guide, SD-WAN Architecture

The transition to all-Ethernet data center networks is driven by several IT transformations. Below is an analysis of each option:

PCIe is replaced : PCIe is a local bus standard used for high-speed device connections within servers. Its replacement does not directly contribute to the shift toward all-Ethernet networks.

Storage media evolves from HDDs to SSDs : The adoption of SSDs increases storage performance and reduces latency, making Ethernet-based storage protocols like NVMe over Fabrics (NVMe-oF) viable alternatives to traditional Fibre Channel.

The IT architecture evolves from centralized to distributed : Distributed architectures require scalable and flexible networking solutions, which Ethernet-based networks are well-suited to provide.

The deployment mode evolves from single-cloud mode to multiple deployment modes such as multi-cloud mode : While multi-cloud deployments influence network design, they do not directly drive the shift to all-Ethernet networks.

Thus, the correct answers are B and C .

References:

Huawei All-Ethernet Data Center Network Solution Overview, HCSA-Presales-IP Network Documentation.

While Huawei is a major contributor to the development of Wi-Fi standards and actively participates in IEEE 802.11 working groups, it does not serve as the chair of the802.11ax Working Group. The 802.11ax standard, also known as Wi-Fi 6, was developed under the leadership of the IEEE 802.11 working group, with contributions from multiple vendors and organizations.Huawei has played a significant role in advancing Wi-Fi technologies, but the claim that it chairs the 802.11ax Working Group is incorrect.

References:

HCSA-Presales-IP Network Study Guide, Section: "Wi-Fi Standards and IEEE Contributions."

IEEE 802.11ax Standard Documentation, Working Group Leadership.

Huawei's wireless backhaul solution for rail transportation is designed to meet the unique demands of high-speed mobility and mission-critical communications. Key features include:

Low handover delay:Achieves handover delays as low as30 ms, ensuring seamless connectivity even at high speeds.

Active-active links:Provides highly reliable redundancy through active-active link configurations, minimizing downtime.

Support for train control systems:The solution can carry critical train control signals, ensuring safety and operational efficiency.

The claim that backhaul is unavailable at speeds of160 km/his incorrect. Huawei's solution supports reliable backhaul even at high speeds, making it suitable for modern high-speed rail networks.

References:

HCSA-Presales-IP Network Study Guide, Section: "Wireless Backhaul for Rail Transportation."

Huawei Rail Transportation Solution Documentation, Wireless Backhaul Features.

Huawei iMaster NCE-Fabricis anAI-powered SDN controllerfordata center networks, offeringautomated rollback functionsto prevent misconfigurations.

(A) Tenant-Level Rollback (True):Allows rollback oftenant-specific configurations, ensuring isolation between network tenants.

(B) Service-Level Rollback (True):Enables rollback of individualnetwork serviceswithout affecting other operations.

(C) Network-Wide Rollback (True):Provides afull network rollbackto a previous stable state.

(D) Application-Level Rollback (False):Not a feature of iMaster NCE-Fabric; applications operate independently of network configuration rollback.

????Reference:HCSA-Presales-IP Network Official Study Guide, iMaster NCE-Fabric Rollback Functions

Huawei'sCloudWAN 3.0solution introduces several innovative features to modernize wide-area networks (WANs):

One-click fast scheduling:Simplifies resource allocation and improves efficiency using SDN and intelligent algorithms.

One-fiber multipurpose transport:Enables multiple services (e.g., Internet, private lines) to share a single fiber, reducing costs.

One-network wide connection:Provides seamless connectivity across diverse locations and devices.

One-hop cloud access:Ensures direct and efficient access to cloud services, reducing latency.

The option"One-click maintenance"is not explicitly highlighted as a key feature of CloudWAN3.0. While maintenance tools exist, they are not marketed as a core highlight of this solution.

References:

HCSA-Presales-IP Network Study Guide, Section: "CloudWAN 3.0 Key Features."

Huawei CloudWAN Solution Documentation, Intelligent Cloud-Network Era.

Challenges in Campus Networks During the All-Cloud Era:

As enterprises transition to cloud-based architectures, campus networks face several challenges due to increased complexity, scalability demands, and integration with cloud services.

Explanation of Each Challenge:

Difficult network scaling:As businesses grow, scaling traditional campus networks to meet increasing demands becomes challenging without proper automation and flexibility.

Cloud outpacing network:The rapid adoption of cloud services often surpasses the ability of traditional networks to adapt, leading to performance bottlenecks.

Wi-Fi discontinuous networking:Ensuring seamless Wi-Fi coverage and connectivity across large campuses is a significant challenge, especially in environments with high user density.

Slow fault locating:Traditional networks lack advanced tools for real-time monitoring and troubleshooting, resulting in delays in identifying and resolving issues.

Cross-domain fragile infrastructure:Managing multiple domains (e.g., wired, wireless, and cloud) introduces complexity and increases the risk of failures if not properly integrated.

Conclusion:All the listed challenges are valid and commonly faced by enterprises moving toward the all-cloud era.

References:

HCSA-Presales-IP Network V3.0 Training Material, Chapter 8: Campus Network Challenges.

Huawei CloudCampus Solution Brochure.

Understanding Antenna Gain:

Antenna gain refers to the ability of an antenna to focus or direct radio frequency (RF) energy in a specific direction. Higher gain antennas provide stronger signals and extended coverage in the direction they are focused.

Impact on AP Selection:

In scenarios where long-range coverage or better signal strength is required, an AP with a higher antenna gain (within regulatory limits) is preferred.

However, it is important to ensure that the antenna gain complies with the regulatory requirements of the country where it is deployed.

Conclusion:The statement is TRUE because higher antenna gain improves signal strength and coverage, making such APs desirable for specific use cases.

References:

HCSA-Presales-IP Network V3.0 Training Material, Chapter 8: WLAN Solutions.

Huawei AirEngine Product Documentation.