IBM C1000-142 IBM Cloud Advocate v2 Exam Practice Test

Object Storage enable you to store and access unstructured data anywhere in the world with a self-service portal backed by RESTful APIs.

Object Storage supports exponential data growth and cloud-native workloads with built-in high-speed file transfer capabilities, cross-region offerings and integrated services.

Cloud object storage makes it possible to store practically limitless amounts of data, simply and cost effectively.

Example use cases of cloud object storage include:

- Backup and recovery

- Data archiving

- Cloud-native app data

- AI and analytics

Identity and access management, or IAM is used to control access to resources.

Explanation

Blockchain and AI have a symbiotic relationship with the cloud. Blockchain provides the trusted, decentralized source of truth, AI powers the analytics and decisions made from the collected data, and cloud provides the globally distributed, scalable, and cost-efficient computing resources to support both technologies.

IBM Cloud® Identity and Access Management (IAM) provides secure access control that enable developers to do all sorts of useful things. For example, if an organization’s corporate security policies require that IBM Cloud credentials always be encrypted and rotated every week, developers can use IAM to securely provide credentials that write to the Cloudant Service.

IAM policy enables a subject to access a resource. There are three primary values in a policy: a subject, roles, and resources.

Block storage is used to store data files on Storage Area Networks (SANs) or cloud-based storage environments. It can be attached to compute instance. Block Storage normally mounted onto only one compute node at a time. With block storage, you specify the size of the storage and pay a fee based on the size you provisioned.

When data is moved to block storage, the underlying SAN technology breaks the data into separate, uniform-sized pieces, or blocks. Each block will be given a unique identifier. The SAN will then place those blocks onto the physical storage, distributing them across several disks, often making multiple copies.

When a user or application requests data from a block storage system, the underlying SAN technology reassembles the data blocks and presents the data to the user or application.

Block storage decouples data from user environments. It allows data to be spread and duplicated across multiple storage devices, enabling faster retrieval and higher resilience to disk failures.

Benefits:

Provides the lowest latency: Block storage provides the lowest latency for network-based storage versus local disk drives in the server, Provide IOPS up to 48,000 IOPS.

High performing: Block storage is highly available and independent of the clients that access it. It remains available and durable regardless of client outages.

High redundancy: Network-based block storage is considered to have a higher level of redundancy compared to local disk storage.

Endurance and Performance tiers: Block storage has two tiers from which to choose. Volumes can be created from 20 GB to 12 TB in size.

Eight authorized hosts: Block storage allows eight authorized hosts (can request up to 64) to connect via the multipath IO (MPIO) iSCSI connection.

Snapshots: Block storage allows point-in-time non-disruptive “snapshots,” which can be replicated to a cross-regional data center as a duplicate volume.

Custom costs: Block storage allows monthly and hourly billing cycles.

Data-at-rest encryption: Block storage offers provider-managed encryption-at-rest. Note: Customer-managed encryption is not supported by IBM Classic Storage; however, customer-managed encryption keys can be stored

Use Cases:

⦾ As you have learned, block storage has a high performance and is easily updatable. Therefore, many organizations use it for transactional databases.

⦾ Because of its high performance and reliability, block storage is a common solution for storing emails.

⦾ Block storage suitable for low latency workloads where consistently high speeds required.

Cloud is a great way to switch IT spending to a pay-as-you-go model and reduce CapEx costs, as well as reap other benefits. Switching to the cloud results in faster development and release of new applications. Companies who switch to the cloud experience improved efficiency, decreased development time, and decreased expenses. Companies who transform using cloud technologies find they are leading change and innovation in their industry.

Explanation

A Multi-Zone Region (MZR) helps your load balancer appliances achieve high availability and redundancy. Use an MZR for core business applications that have stringent resiliency requirements. The MZR scales services based on events at a medium to high cost. An MZR provides these benefits: Consistent cloud services across the different zones Better resiliency, availability, higher interconnect speed between data centers for cloud platforms Infrastructure services such as IBM® Cloud Object Storage, and IBM Cloud load balancers

A resource is the instance of the service

Microservices are an architectural approach in which a single application is composed of many loosely coupled and independently deployable smaller components, or services. Characteristic of microservices : - Code can be updated more easily - new features or functionality can be added without touching the entire application. - Teams can use different stacks and different programming languages for different components. - Components can be scaled independently of one another, reducing the waste and cost associated with having to scale entire applications because a single feature might be facing too much load.

Explanation

Block storage, is used to store data files on Storage Area Networks (SANs) or cloud-based storage environments. It can be attached to compute instance. Block Storage normally mounted onto only one compute node at a time. With block storage, you specify the size of the storage and pay a fee based on the size you provisioned. Both endurance and performance options provide a range of storage sizes, and the only difference between them is how the Input/Output Operations per Second (IOPS) is delivered for a given storage volume. - Endurance provides pre-set IOPS tiers of 0.25, 2, 4, and 10 IOPS/GB. - Performance allows the user to set a custom level of IOPS beyond 10 IOPS/GB. Under the virtual private cloud (VPC), block storage does not have endurance or performance tiers. Instead, users can set pre-defined or choose custom IOPS when provisioning the storage. Use Cases : Block storage suitable for low latency workloads where consistently high speeds required. Features : - Offer volume size from 20 GB to 12 TB, - Provide encryption for data at rest - Provide IOPS upto 48,000 IOPS - Highly available and resilient.

Hybrid Cloud combines public cloud, private cloud and on-premises infrastructure to create a single, flexible, cost-optimal IT infrastructure. Hybrid Cloud model best suits where security and regulatory compliance required. Use Cases : Security and regulatory compliance: We can reserve sensitive data and highly regulated workloads behind-the firewall in private cloud and can use more economical public cloud resources for less-sensitive workloads and data. Resource optimization, and cost savings: We can manage predictable capacity workload on private cloud and can migrate unpredictable workloads to public cloud to scale up quickly and automatically. Cloud Scaling : A business has on-premise infrastructure that can handle a certain amount of user load. The hybrid allows them to scale up in response to a larger load then automatically de-provision resources when they no longer need them. Multicloud: Composite cloud are applications that are spread across multiple cloud environments. If a business has on-premise architecture that allows them to run three components of their app but the system gets bogged down in busier times, such as holidays, they take advantage of the multicloud architecture by composing their application across multiple cloud environments. In-Correct Answers - Full control over hardware and software choices : In Private cloud, customer have full control over IT infrastructure, They are free to purchase the hardware and software as per their choice. They can customize(configure) servers and software as needed. - Greater visibility into security and access control, In Private Cloud, all workloads run behind the customers’ own firewall. - Greater elasticity and scalability: With public cloud, a customer can add capacity in response to unexpended surges in traffic, without purchasing and installing new hardware. [Exam Tips] : You can expect few questions from here in your exam, so before appearing for exam, you should be aware of use cases of private, public and hybrid cloud.

Direct-attached storage (DAS) is a type of storage that is attached directly to a computer without going through a network.

DAS is typically used for internal storage in personal computers and servers in the form of a hard disk drive (HDD) or solid-state drive (SSD) directly connected to the motherboard.

Direct-attached storage is ephemeral or non-persistent. they persist as long as the instance isn’t deleted; it will not be lost and reset due to reboots.

Direct-attached storage offers limited capacity, but using multiple hard disk drives, we can expand its storage capacity.

A transit gateway connects VPC resources across multiple regions. VPCs can be connected together with single or multiple transit gateways. As new networks are added to a transit gateway, they are automatically connected to other networks that are also connected to the gateway.

Explanation

The Internet of Things, or IoT, refers to the billions of physical devices around the world that are now connected to the internet, all collecting and sharing data.

IBM Watson Assistant helps you construct chatbots and virtual assistants for a spread of channels including mobile devices, messaging platforms, and even robots. IBM Watson Assistant allows you to use the power of Watson to bring a conversational interface to your solution. Your customers can interact with Watson Assistant using natural language conversation.

Multi Cloud is a combination of two or more cloud services from different cloud providers. In-Correct Answers : Private Cloud : The cloud infrastructure is provisioned for exclusive use by a single organization comprising multiple consumers (e.g., business units). It may be owned, managed, and operated by the organization, a third party, or some combination of them, and it may exist on or off premises. Community Cloud : The cloud infrastructure is provisioned for exclusive use by a specific community of consumers from organizations that have shared concerns (e.g., mission, security requirements, policy, and compliance considerations). It may be owned, managed, and operated by one or more of the organizations in the community, a third party, or some combination of them, and it may exist on or off premises. Public Cloud : The cloud infrastructure is provisioned for open use by the general public. It may be owned, managed, and operated by a business, academic, or government organization, or some combination of them. It exists on the premises of the cloud provider. Hybrid Cloud : The cloud infrastructure is a composition of two or more distinct cloud infrastructures (private, community, or public) that remain unique entities, but are bound together by standardized or proprietary technology that enables data and application portability (e.g., cloud bursting for load balancing between clouds).

Explanation

Correct Answer : Metro : The name of a city where 1 or more data centers are located. A metro might have a multizone region, such as Dallas, or might have a single zone region, such as Mexico City. If you create a cluster in a multizone region, the Kubernetes master and worker nodes can be spread across zones for high availability. In-Correct Answers: Geography : An organizational grouping that is based on geographic continents. Note : District & Urban site are not valid options for IBM Cloud - these are added for distraction.

IBM cloud analytic services provide a simple way to find new and un-expected insight to quickly to deliver business challenging results.

DevSecOps—short for development, security, and operations—automates the integration of security and compliance at every phase of the software development lifecycle, from initial design through integration, testing, deployment, and software delivery. Benefits of DevSecOps : Rapid, cost-effective software delivery.

Explanation

The NIST definition lists five essential characteristics of cloud computing: on-demand self-service, broad network access, resource pooling, rapid elasticity or expansion, and measured service

Explanation

Hypervisors is small software layer that enables multiple operating systems to run alongside each other, sharing the same physical computing resources.

Serverless computing is a cloud computing execution model that provisions computing resources on demand and offloads all responsibility for common infrastructure management tasks. They are auto-scalable so it can handle extremely active traffic periods.

Serverless computing does-not means there are no physical servers utilized, of course there are servers, but we don't have to manage them, in background cloud provider manage (provisioning, scheduling, scaling, patching and more) for us, this gives developers more time to develop and optimize their front-end application code and business logic. And with serverless, customers never pay for idle capacity. They pay only for the resources required to run their applications, and only when those applications are running.

Serverless is a polyglot environment, enabling developers to code in any language or framework - Java, Python, node.js - with which they're comfortable. Because serverless scales up and down on demand in response to workload, it offers significant cost savings for spiky workloads. But it does not offer the same savings for workloads characterized by predictable, steady or long-running processes; in these cases, a traditional server environment might be simpler and more cost-effective.

Serverless Implementations differ across service providers, and capabilities vary, including supported runtimes, authentication, scaling and monitoring.

Serverless architectures are well-suited for event-driven, IOT and stream-processing workloads most notably open-source Apache Kafka event streaming platform.

Benefits:

- Pay only for the time for our code will run.

- Developer don't have to take care of servers or infrastructure, it maintains by cloud provider, so they can focus more on development and business logic.

- API Management & Integrated event sources.

- Serverless scales up and down on demand in response to workload

[Exam Tips]: You can expect, few QUESTION NO: from here, Remember bold keyboards

A security group acts as a virtual firewall that controls the traffic for one or more virtual server instances. A security group is a collection of rules that specify whether to allow or deny traffic for an associated instance. You can associate an instance with one or more security groups and edit the security group rules An Access Control List (ACL) can manage (that is, it can allow or deny) inbound and outbound traffic for a subnet. An ACL is stateless, which means that inbound and outbound rules must be specified separately and explicitly. Each ACL consists of rules, based on a source IP, source port, destination IP, destination port, and protocol. Note : Security Groups control traffic at the virtual service instance level and n Access Control List (ACL) control the traffic at subnet level.

Infrastructural path involves migrating apps from to Cloud to take advantage of cloud native technologies. Virtual Machine and Bare metal included in the Infrastructural path to migration.

IBM® MQ provide messaging capabilities such as point-to-point and publish subscribe models to facilitate the flow of information between applications. You can use IBM® MQ to enable applications to communicate at different times and in many diverse computing environments.

In-Correct Answers :

IBM App Connect® is a powerful all-in-one tool for easily connecting apps, integrating data, building APIs, and acting on events. It can automatically copy and synchronize data between on-premises and cloud-based applications. it can connect any endpoint, map your data, and move data fast. With IBM App Connect®, you can reliably access and combine data assets across all your enterprise applications, databases, and systems and expose them as APIs.

IBM API Connect® The tools that API Connect service provides will create and manage your APIs with security-rich features and centralized governance and business-level controls by setting varying levels of security, visibility, billing plans, and rate limits. You can use IBM API Connect for IBM Cloud to quickly create APIs for microservices based on Node.js and Java runtimes IBM Event Streams for IBM Cloud® is an event-streaming platform based on the Apache Kafka® project and incorporates the open-source Strimzi technology.

IBM Event Streams for IBM Cloud® is a high-throughput message bus built with Apache Kafka. IBM Event Streams supports Apache Avro schemas, enabling your Kafka applications to use schemas to validate data structures and to encode and decode data. Event Streams provides a REST API to help connect your existing systems to your Event Streams Kafka cluster.

IBM Cloud Internet Services provides reliability, performance, and security for Internet facing applications, websites, and services. One of the services Cloud Internet Services provides is a global load balancer. This service enables traffic to be distributed across multiple servers located in multiple regions. Using Cloudflare, Cloud Internet Services (CIS) provides Domain Name Service (DNS), Global Load Balancer (GLB), DDoS protection, Web Application Firewall (WAF), Transport Layer Security (TLS), Rate Limiting, Smart Routing, and Caching.

IBM Cloud Developers are responsible for writing code to create and maintain cloud applications.