Nokia BL0-220 Nokia Bell Labs Distributed Cloud Networks Exam Exam Practice Test

 Low latency is the primary benefit of an Edge Cloud. Edge Cloud is a distributed cloud architecture that brings cloud resources closer to the end users and devices, reducing thedistance and delay for data transmission1. Low latency is crucial for many 5G use cases that require real-time responsiveness, such as autonomous driving, remote surgery, smart manufacturing, etc2. Low cost, large bandwidth, and high availability are not the primary benefits of an Edge Cloud, although they may be achieved depending on the deployment scenario and the service level agreement. References: 1: Nokia Bell Labs Distributed Cloud Networks, Unit 1: Cloud Ecosystem, Section 1.2: Cloud Types 2: Nokia Bell Labs Distributed Cloud Networks, Unit 5: New Services Automation, Section 5.1: Industry 4.0 Use Cases

Kubernetes is an orchestrator, which is a software system that automates the deployment, scaling, and management of containerized applications1. Kubernetes allows users to define the desired state and configuration of their applications, and then ensures that the actual state matches the desired state2. Kubernetes also provides features such as service discovery, loadbalancing, storage management, and self-healing3. Therefore, option B best describes Kubernetes, while options A, C, and D are incorrect. References: 1: Nokia Bell Labs Distributed Cloud Networks, Unit 2: Cloud Technologies and Features, Topic: Microservices and Containerization 2: What is Kubernetes? | Kubernetes, Overview 3: Kubernetes - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics, Overview

It is not possible to run a cloud solution in a Single Node. A cloud solution requires a minimum of three nodes to provide high availability, scalability, and fault tolerance1. A Single Node is a standalone server that does not have any redundancy or load balancing features2. A Single Node can be used for testing or development purposes, but not for production or deployment of cloud applications.

References: 1: Nokia Bell Labs Distributed Cloud Networks, Unit 3: Cloud Resource Planning, slide 5 2: Nokia Bell Labs Distributed Cloud Networks, Unit 3: Cloud Resource Planning, slide 6

The “Stateless” service concept is indeed the most efficient for resource usage. In a stateless architecture, each request is treated as an independent transaction, unconnected to any previous request. This means that no state information is stored between transactions, which simplifies the design and scalability of systems. It allows for better resource utilization because there is no need to maintain state information over time, which can be resource-intensive. This approach aligns with the principles of RESTful services and is widely adopted in scalable web applications.

References: The concept of stateless services is a fundamental principle in distributed systems design, as discussed in the Nokia Bell Labs Distributed Cloud Networks learning resources. It is emphasized for its benefits in scalability and resource optimization.

Adaptability is the most critical benefit a cloud native deployment provides when deploying applications in complex and very low predictive environments. Cloud native applications are designed to be modular, scalable, resilient, and portable across different cloud platforms1. They can leverage the cloud features such as automation, orchestration, and service discovery to dynamically adjust to changing conditions and demands2. This enables them to cope with the complexity and unpredictability of the environments they operate in, such as edge computing, industrial automation, and smart cities3. Capability and reliability are also important benefits of cloud native deployment, but they are not the most critical ones. Capability refers to the ability to deliver high-performance and feature-rich applications that meet the user and businessneeds1. Reliability refers to the ability to ensure the availability and consistency of the applications despite failures or errors1. However, these benefits are not sufficient if the applications cannot adapt to the evolving and diverse scenarios they face in the real world. References: 1: Nokia Bell Labs Distributed Cloud Networks, Unit 2: Cloud Technologies and Features, Section 2.3: Cloud Native applications design 2: Nokia Bell Labs Distributed Cloud Networks, Unit 2: Cloud Technologies and Features, Section 2.5: Microservices and Containerization 3: Google Cloud, Nokia partner to accelerate cloud-native 5G3

To reduce time and complexity for development and deployment. Comprehensive Explanation and References of Correct Answer: The main advantage of development concepts such as DevOps and CI/CD used in cloud native applications is to reduce time and complexity for development and deployment. DevOps is a set of practices that aims to improve collaboration and communication between development and operations teams, and to automate and streamline the software delivery process. CI/CD is a subset of DevOps that focuses on continuous integration, continuous delivery, and continuous testing of software changes. By using these concepts, cloud native applications canachieve faster and more frequent releases, higher quality and reliability, lower costs and risks, and better customer satisfaction.

References:

• Nokia Bell Labs 5G Professional Certification - Distributed Cloud Networks, Unit 4: Operating Your Cloud, slide 3
• Catching the 5G train with CI/CD Services, paragraph 1
• Nokia unveils new 5G core deployment services to give operators better capabilities, paragraph 1

The ETSI MANO Model operational stack is defined as Orchestration above Network Function Management above Infrastructure Management. The ETSI MANO Model is a framework that defines the architecture and interfaces for the management and orchestration of network functions virtualization (NFV) in cloud networks1. The ETSI MANO Model consists of three main components: Infrastructure Management, Network Function Management, and Orchestration2. Infrastructure Management is responsible for managing the physical and virtual resources that host the network functions, such as servers, storage, switches, hypervisors, andvirtual machines2. Network Function Management is responsible for managing the configuration, monitoring, and optimization of the network functions, such as scaling, healing, and updating2. Orchestration is responsible for coordinating the allocation and release of resources for network services and network slices, such as instantiation, termination, and modification2. The ETSI MANO Model operational stack is defined as Orchestration above Network Function Management above Infrastructure Management, meaning that Orchestration is the highest level of abstraction and control, Network Function Management is the intermediate level, and Infrastructure Management is the lowest level2. References: 1: Nokia Bell Labs Distributed Cloud Networks, Unit 5: New Services Automation, Section 5.3: Orchestration 2: Module by Module - Self Study Note Guide - training2

The properties related to a private cloud are high CAPEX and full control. CAPEX stands for capital expenditure, which is the money spent on acquiring or upgrading physical assets such as servers, storage, and network equipment. A private cloud requires high CAPEX because the cloud owner has to invest in building and maintaining the cloud infrastructure. Full control means that the cloud owner has the exclusive authority and responsibility over the cloud resources, security, and operations. A private cloud offers full control because the cloud owner can customize the cloud according to their specific needs and preferences, and can ensure the privacy and compliance of their data and applications. References: Nokia Cloud Platform, Module by Module - Self Study Note Guide

 A logical space in the host’s operating system and B. Is in an isolated environment. A container is a software package that bundles an application and its dependencies, and runs as an isolated process in the host’s operating system1. Containers are lightweight, portable, and scalable, and can be deployed on any cloud infrastructure2. Unlike virtual machines (VMs), containers do not need a separate operating system or hypervisor, and share the kernel of the host3. However, containers have limited access to resources, as they are restricted by the host’s capabilities and the container runtime4. References: 1: Nokia Bell Labs Distributed Cloud Networks, Unit 2: Cloud Technologies and Features, Section 2.2: Cloud Virtualization 2: Nokia Container Services, Overview 3: Nokia Cloud Platform, Overview 4: Containers vs. virtual machines: What’s the difference?, Comparison

Habana and EyeQ are two examples of AI hardware solutions that are designed to accelerate deep learning and computer vision applications. Habana is a company that produces AI processors for both training and inference workloads1. EyeQ is a family of system-on-chips (SoCs) developed by Mobileye for advanced driver-assistance systems (ADAS) and autonomous driving2. DataLake and Sparks are not AI hardware solutions. DataLake is a term that refers to a large-scale data storage architecture that can store structured, semi-structured, and unstructured data from various sources3. Sparks is a misspelling of Spark, which is an open-source distributed computing framework for large-scale data processing and machine learning4. References: 1: Nokia Bell Labs Distributed Cloud Networks, Unit 4: AI/ML in Cloud Networks, Section 4.2: AI Hardware 2: Nokia Bell Labs Distributed Cloud Networks, Unit 4: AI/ML in Cloud Networks, Section 4.2: AI Hardware 3: Nokia Bell Labs Distributed Cloud Networks, Unit 2: Cloud Technologies and Features, Section 2.4: Cloud Storage 4: Nokia Bell Labs Distributed Cloud Networks, Unit 4: AI/ML in Cloud Networks, Section 4.3: AI Software

 Your apps need cloud resources which are allocated and then provisioned. Allocation is the process of assigning cloud resources to a specific app or service, based on the requirements and availability1. Provisioning is the process of configuring and activating the allocated cloud resources, making them ready to use by the app or service2. Commissioning, instantiation, starting, and distribution are not the correct terms to complete the sentence. Commissioning is the process of testing and verifying the cloud resources before they are allocated3. Instantiation is the process of creating an instance of an app or service, which is a running copy of the app or service that uses the provisioned cloud resources4. Starting is the process of launching an instance of an app or service, which can be done manually or automatically. Distribution is the process of spreading the cloud resources across different locations or domains, to achieve scalability, redundancy, or performance. Termination is the process of deleting or releasing the cloud resources that are no longer needed by the app or service.

References: 1: Nokia Bell Labs Distributed Cloud Networks, Unit 3: Cloud Resource Planning, slide 8 2: Nokia Bell Labs Distributed Cloud Networks, Unit 3: Cloud Resource Planning, slide 9 3: Nokia Bell Labs Distributed Cloud Networks, Unit 3: Cloud Resource Planning, slide 10 4: Nokia Bell Labs Distributed Cloud Networks, Unit 3: Cloud Resource Planning, slide 11 : Nokia Bell Labs Distributed Cloud Networks, Unit 3: Cloud Resource Planning, slide 12 : Nokia Bell Labs Distributed Cloud Networks, Unit 3: Cloud Resource Planning, slide 13 : Nokia Bell Labs Distributed Cloud Networks, Unit 3: Cloud Resource Planning, slide 14

The most appropriate word to complete the sentence is benefits. The public cloud ecosystem offers many benefits to users, such as scalability, flexibility, cost-efficiency, and innovation12. Constraints, problems, and operability are not suitable words to describe the advantages of the public cloud ecosystem over the simple consumption of resources. References: 1: Nokia Bell Labs Distributed Cloud Networks, Unit 1: Cloud Ecosystem, slide 7 2: Nokia Bell Labs 5G Certification Program - Blended Learning, Section 2: Distributed Cloud Networks, slide 9

A Policy Database is a key component in Closed Loop Automation. It stores the policies that govern the automated decision-making processes within a system. These policies define the actions to be taken in response to specific events or conditions, enabling the system to automatically adjust its operations without human intervention, thus increasing efficiency and responsiveness.

A YAML XML template file contains the configuration of a VNF or CNF. A VNF stands for Virtual Network Function, which is a software-based network function that runs on a virtual machine or a container. A CNF stands for Cloud-native Network Function, which is a network function that is designed and implemented using cloud-native principles and technologies, such as microservices, containers, and Kubernetes. A YAML XML template file is a file that defines the structure, parameters, and dependencies of a VNF or CNF, as well as the resources and policies required to deploy and manage it. A YAML XML template file is based on the TOSCA (Topology and Orchestration Specification for Cloud Applications) standard, which is a language for describing the components and relationships of complex cloud applications. A YAML XML template file is used by the MANO (Management and Orchestration) system to instantiate, configure, and operate a VNF or CNF on the cloud infrastructure. References: Nokia Bell Labs 5G Professional Certification - Distributed Cloud Networks, Unit 2: Cloud Technologies and Features, Section 2.4: Cloud Software and Hardware Resources.

The available options to interconnect private Datacenters are VPN and Backbone. VPN stands for Virtual Private Network, which is a secure and encrypted connection between two or more networks over the public internet. Backbone is a high-capacity network that connects different data centers across regions or countries. Both VPN and Backbone provide reliable, scalable, and secure data center interconnect (DCI) solutions for private/hybrid clouds. References: Nokia Cloud DCI offers a more scalable, reliable and secure way to connect data centers in private/hybrid clouds, Nokia business-critical cloud DCI solutions support multiple DCI applications, from real-time business continuity and disaster recovery, to synchronous data replication and cloud backup, Nokia partners with IP Telecom to deliver quantum-safe data center connectivity

Service automation and network automation are two techniques that provide the benefit of faster deployment. Service automation is the process of using software tools and predefined workflows to create, configure, and manage cloud services without human intervention1. Network automation is the process of using software tools and predefined policies to orchestrate, monitor, and optimize network resources and functions without human intervention2. Both techniques can reduce the time, cost, and errors associated with manual service deployment and configuration, and enable faster and more agile service delivery and network operations3. Manual service deployment and manual configuration are not techniques that provide the benefit of faster deployment, as they require human intervention and are prone to human errors, delays, and inefficiencies4. References: 1: Nokia Bell Labs Distributed Cloud Networks, Unit 5: New Services Automation, Section 5.2: Service Automation 2: Nokia Bell Labs Distributed Cloud Networks, Unit 4: Operating Your Cloud, Section 4.2: Network Automation 3: Nokia, A1 and Microsoft deploy industry’s first 5G edge cloud network slicing solution for enterprises 4: Nokia Bell Labs Distributed Cloud Networks, Unit 5: New Services Automation, Section 5.3: Service Automation Benefits and Challenges

Microservices are a design principle for cloud-native applications, where each application is composed of a set of small, independent, and loosely coupled services that communicate with each other through well-defined interfaces1. Microservices have the following characteristics2:

• Microservices are chained in order to build an application, meaning that they are connected by a network and exchange messages or data to perform a specific function or task.
• Microservices are differentiated by function, meaning that each microservice has a single responsibility and performs a distinct function within the application.
• Microservices are derived from monolithic applications, meaning that they are created by breaking down a large and complex application into smaller and simpler pieces that can be developed, deployed, and scaled independently.
• Microservices are scalable and resilient, meaning that they can handle variable workloads and recover from failures without affecting the whole application.

Therefore, the correct statements are A and C, while B and D are incorrect. References: 1: Nokia Bell Labs Distributed Cloud Networks, Unit 2: Cloud Technologies and Features, Topic: Microservices and Containerization 2: Module by Module - Self Study Note Guide, DC2.4– Microservices and Containerization

A data center manager is responsible for overseeing the operation, maintenance, and security of a data center, as well as planning and implementing changes and improvements1. To perform these tasks, a data center manager needs to have appropriate tools that can monitor, control, and automate the data center resources, such as servers, storage, network, power, cooling, etc.2. A data center manager also needs to enable people, such as data center staff, engineers, technicians, and customers, to access, use, and manage the data center services and applications3. Moreover, a data center manager needs to follow an effective process methodology that can ensure the quality, efficiency, and reliability of the data center operations, such as ITIL, DevOps, Agile, etc… References: 1: Data Center Manager: Roles, Responsibilities, and Skills, Introduction 2: Nokia Bell Labs Distributed Cloud Networks, Unit 4: Operating Your Cloud, Section 4.1: Industry Trends in Data Center Hardware 3: Nokia Bell Labs Distributed Cloud Networks, Unit 4: Operating Your Cloud, Section 4.2: Data Center Operations : Nokia Bell Labs Distributed Cloud Networks, Unit 4: Operating Your Cloud, Section 4.3: Data Center Management Methodologies