Oracle 1z0-1109-23 Oracle Cloud Infrastructure 2023 DevOps Professional Exam Practice Test

Explanation

In the Deployment Pipeline, when a deployment stage fails during the deployment of an update to production, the recommended action is to: Rollback the failed stage in the pipeline to the previous successful released version. By rolling back the failed stage to the previous successful version, you can revert the deployment to a known stable state and prevent the failed changes from being re-leased to production. This helps to maintain the stability and integrity of the application. It allows you to address the issues encountered in the failed stage, make necessary fixes or adjustments, and then proceed with the deployment again once the issues are resolved. The other options mentioned are not the most appropriate actions to perform in this scenario: Automating backup and using the rerelease stage: While backups are important for data protection, automating backup and using a rerelease stage would not directly address the failure in the deployment stage. It is more focused on data backup and recovery. Adding Rescue and Trigger stages: Adding Rescue and Trigger stages might help in certain situations, but they are not the primary solution for handling a failed deployment stage. They are more related to error recovery mechanisms or additional deployment steps, rather than specifically addressing the failed stage. Using OCI DevOps Trigger and Rerun tool: While OCI DevOps Trigger and Rerun tool can be useful for automating and managing deployments, it is not specifically designed to handle a failed deployment stage. It is more focused on triggering and rerunning pipelines or stages based on specific conditions or events.

Explanation

The two correct explanations for the difference between Ansible and Terraform are: Ansible auto-mates software installation and application deployment, while Terraform manages infrastructure as code. This highlights the primary focus of each tool. Ansible is mainly used for automating tasks related to software installation, application deployment, and configuration management. It is well-suited for managing the software stack and ensuring consistency across systems. On the other hand, Terraform specializes in infrastructure provisioning and management, allowing users to define and manage their infrastructure resources using code. Ansible focuses on infrastructure configuration, while Terraform specializes in infrastructure provisioning. This highlights the different aspects of infrastructure management that each tool addresses. Ansible is designed to handle configuration management tasks, such as setting up software, managing files, and applying configuration changes across systems. It excels at ensuring the desired state of the infrastructure. In contrast, Terraform is focused on provisioning infrastructure resources, such as virtual machines, networks, and storage. It provides a way to define and manage these resources in a declarative manner, allowing for infra-structure as code. It's worth noting that while Ansible is supported and provided by OCI as a con-figuration management tool, Terraform is a third-party tool that has gained popularity for managing infrastructure across multiple cloud providers, including OCI.

The OCI service that is best suited for developing and testing isolated web applications or RESTful APIs using Node.js and MongoDB is Container Instances. Container Instances is a service that allows you to run containers without managing any servers. You can use Container Instances to create and manage single-container or multi-container deployments using Docker images. You can also use Container Instances to connect your containers to other OCI services, such as Object Storage, Database, or Networking. Container Instances is simple, quick, and secure, as it provides built-in isolation, encryption, and authentication for your containers. Verified References: [Container Instances - Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Developer Tools], [Creating Container Instances - Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Developer Tools]

Explanation

The WORKDIR command is used to define the working directory of a Docker container at any given time. The command is specified in the Dockerfile. Any RUN , CMD , ADD , COPY , or EN-TRYPOINT command will be executed in the specified working directory. Reference:

Explanation

To add approvers to the approval workflow in the Deployment Pipeline of Oracle Cloud Infrastructure (OCI) DevOps service, you can follow this approach: Add approvers to the Deployment Pipe-line and give them access via OCI IAM policy. OCI DevOps allows you to define an approval workflow as part of the Deployment Pipeline. To add approvers, you can configure the appropriate settings in the Deployment Pipeline configuration. This typically involves specifying the names or email addresses of the individuals who should review and approve the deployment. These approvers will be notified when a deployment is triggered and will be able to review and provide their approval. In order to give the approvers access to the Deployment Pipeline, you can use OCI's Identity and Access Management (IAM) service. By creating IAM policies, you can grant the necessary permissions and access control to the designated approvers, ensuring that they have the appropriate level of access to review and approve deployments. The other options mentioned are not the correct approaches: Manually adding approvers' names and email addresses in the Deployment Pipeline page: This would not provide the necessary access and permissions for the approvers to review and approve the deployment. IAM policies should be used for access control. Emailing approvers before running the Deployment Pipeline: Emailing approvers separately would not integrate with the auto-mated approval workflow in the Deployment Pipeline. The approval process should be handled within the OCI DevOps service. Adding approvers to the buildspec file: The buildspec file is primarily used for defining the build stages and actions, not for managing the approval workflow.

Explanation

A valid concern that needs to be further investigated in this scenario is whether the OKE cluster has a secret with credentials of the Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Registry (OCIR) repository and if that secret is being used in the Kubernetes deployment manifest. When deploying an application on OKE and pulling images from OCIR, the cluster needs to authenticate and authorize access to the OCIR repository. This is typically done by creating a Kubernetes secret that contains the credentials (authentication token or username/password) required to access the repository. The secret is then referenced in the Kubernetes deployment manifest to allow the cluster to pull the images. If the images are not getting pulled from the designated OCIR repository, it suggests that the OKE cluster might be missing the necessary secret with the OCIR credentials or the secret is not properly referenced in the deployment manifest. Further investigation should focus on ensuring the existence and correct configuration of the secret and its usage in the deployment process.

To create a secret in OCI Vault service, you need to have the following prerequisites:

• You must have a Vault managed key to encrypt the secret. A Vault managed key is a symmetric encryption key that is generated and managed by the Vault service. You can use a Vault managed key to encrypt and decrypt secrets, such as passwords, API keys, certificates, etc.
• You must have the required permissions to create and manage secrets in the Vault service. You need to have the IAM policies that allow you to access the Vault compartment, the Vault itself, and the Vault managed key. You also need to have the secret management policies that allow you to create, read, update, delete, or restore secrets. Verified References: [Creating Secrets - Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Vault], [Prerequisites for Working with Secrets - Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Vault]

Explanation

The correct answer is: The cost for each stack will be higher for a Pay As You Go subscription than for monthly flex billing. When it comes to the cost of using Terraform stacks created with Oracle Cloud Infrastructure (OCI) Resource Manager, it's important to note that Resource Manager stacks are free to use. However, you will be charged for the resources that are provisioned by these stacks. The cost of these resources will depend on factors such as the types of resources created, their con-figurations, usage duration, and the pricing model associated with your subscription. The pricing model you choose, such as Pay As You Go or monthly flex billing, will affect the cost of the re-sources provisioned by your Terraform stacks. Pay As You Go typically incurs usage-based charges, where you pay for the actual consumption of resources. Monthly flex billing, on the other hand, provides predictable costs based on fixed monthly commitments. The number of lines of text in your Terraform configuration files or the time it takes to build resources does not directly determine the cost. It's the actual usage and configuration of provisioned resources that impact the cost.

Explanation

The correct Ansible AdHoc command to update to the newest version of Apache on all defined web servers is: $ ansible webservers -m yum -a "name=httpd state=latest" In this command: "ansi-ble" is the command to execute Ansible. "webservers" is the name of the group defined in the inven-tory file that includes all the web servers. "-m yum" specifies the module to use, which in this case is "yum" for package management. "-a" is used to pass arguments to the module. "name=httpd" speci-fies the name of the package to update, in this case, "httpd" (Apache). "state=latest" instructs Ansi-ble to update the package to the latest version available. By running this command, Ansible will connect to each server in the "webservers" group and use the "yum" module to update the "httpd" package to the latest version.

Explanation

The correct answer is: From the version menu, select "Promote to current." To rollback to a previous version in OCI Secret Management within a Vault, the administrator should select the desired version from the version menu and choose the option "Promote to current." In this scenario, the administrator wants to rollback to version 1, so they would select version 1 from the menu and promote it to the current version. This action will make version 1 the active and current version of the secret, replacing version 2. The "Promote to current" option allows administrators to switch between different versions of a secret and make a specific version the active one.

Explanation

To automate infrastructure and configure Oracle Cloud Infrastructure (OCI) resources, the recom-mended tool to use is Ansible. Ansible is a popular automation tool that focuses on provisioning, configuring, and managing IT infrastructure. It uses a declarative language called YAML to de-scribe the desired state of the infrastructure, allowing you to define and automate the configuration of OCI resources such as Compute, Load Balancing, and Database services. Ansible provides a col-lection specifically designed for OCI, called the "Ansible Collection," which includes modules and playbooks for interacting with OCI APIs. By utilizing Ansible in OCI, you can easily automate the provisioning and configuration of your infrastructure, ensuring consistency and reproducibility. An-sible's simplicity and agentless architecture make it a flexible and efficient choice for managing OCI resources and automating infrastructure tasks in the context of OCI DevOps.

The OCI service that can be used as a target deployment environment for adopting a DevOps framework and a consumption-based pricing model, while providing features like automated rollouts and rollbacks, self-healing of failed containers, and configuration management, without the overhead of managing security patches and scaling, is OCI Container Engine for Kubernetes (OKE) with virtual nodes. OKE is a fully managed service that allows you to run and manage your containerized applications on OCI using Kubernetes, an open-source system for automating deployment, scaling, and management of containerized applications. OKE provides features such as automated rollouts and rollbacks, self-healing of failed containers, configuration management, service discovery, load balancing, etc. OKE also supports virtual nodes, which are serverless compute resources that are automatically provisioned and scaled by OCI based on your application workload demands. Virtual nodes eliminate the need for managing worker node infrastructure, such as security patches, updates, scaling, etc. Virtual nodes also offer a consumption-based pricing model, where you only pay for the resources you consume when your containers are running. Verified References: [Container Engine for Kubernetes - Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Developer Tools], [Virtual Nodes - Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Container Engine for Kubernetes]

Explanation

"The OCI capability that can help achieve the requirement of archiving logging data into OCI Object Storage is the ""Service Connector Hub."" The Service Connector Hub in OCI enables you to configure connections and workflows between different OCI services. In this case, you can create a connection between the OCI Logging service and OCI Object Storage using the Service Connector Hub. By setting up a connection between these services, you can define a workflow to automatically transfer the logs collected by the Logging service to Object Storage for archiving. This ensures that the logging data is securely stored and easily accessible for future analysis or compliance purposes. The Logging Query capability allows you to search and analyze logs, but it does not directly address the requirement of archiving the logging data into Object Storage. ObjectCollectionRule is not a valid OCI capability and does not pertain to the archiving of logging data into Object Storage. IAM policies are used to manage access and permissions within OCI, but they do not directly pro-vide the capability to archive logging data into Object Storage." Reference:

To securely authenticate and store your Docker image in a private Docker registry in OCI, you need to create and use an Auth Token. An Auth Token is a secure, encrypted token that you can use to authenticate with OCI services such as Container Registry. You can use the Auth Token as your password when you log in to Container Registry using the Docker CLI. You can also use the Auth Token to access other OCI services such as Object Storage and Compute. Verified References: [Pushing and Pulling Images - Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Registry], [Auth Tokens - Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Identity and Access Management]

The steps that you would take to delete the specified image are:

• To determine which container is using the image, use the “docker ps -a” command. This command will list all the containers in your system, including their ID, image name, status, etc. You can look for the container that has the image name d123f4e55e12 in its output.
• To delete the container, use the ‘docker rm 0f1262bd1285’ command. This command will remove the container with the ID 0f1262bd1285 from your system. You can also use the -f flag to force remove the container if it is running or paused.
• To delete the docker image, use the ‘docker rmi d123f4e55e12’ command. This command will remove the image with the ID d123f4e55e12 from your system. You can also use the -f flag to force remove the image if it is being used by another container. Verified References: [docker ps - Docker Documentation], [docker rm - Docker Documentation], [docker rmi - Docker Documentation]

Explanation

The DevOps lifecycle is a multi-phased development cycle that focuses on rapid-release and continuous delivery to unite team infrastructure and maximize the quality of software. It encompasses the collaboration between development and operations teams, emphasizing communication, automation, and continuous improvement. The DevOps lifecycle typically includes the following phases: Plan: Teams identify business goals, plan feature development, and prioritize tasks. Code: Developers write code and apply version control practices to manage changes. Build: The code is built into executable artifacts, which are often stored in a repository. Test: Automated testing is performed to validate the functionality and quality of the software. Deploy: The software is deployed to the target environment, following consistent and repeatable processes. Operate: The application is monitored and managed in the production environment, with continuous feedback loops. Monitor: Metrics and logs are collected to monitor performance, identify issues, and optimize the system. By adopting the DevOps lifecycle, businesses can benefit in several ways: Increased efficiency: Automation and collaboration reduce manual efforts, enabling faster and more reliable software delivery. Faster time to market: Continuous integration and continuous delivery (CI/CD) practices enable frequent releases, allowing businesses to quickly respond to market demands. Improved quality: Continuous testing and feedback loops help catch and address issues earlier in the development cycle, improving the overall quality of the software. Enhanced collaboration: DevOps promotes cross-functional collabo-ration, breaking down silos between development, operations, and other teams, leading to better communication and alignment. Greater stability and reliability: Continuous monitoring and feed-back loops help identify and resolve issues proactively, resulting in more stable and reliable systems. Scalability and flexibility: DevOps practices enable businesses to scale their infrastructure and adapt to changing requirements more easily. Overall, the DevOps lifecycle helps businesses succeed by fostering a culture of collaboration, automation, and continuous improvement, leading to faster de-livery, higher quality software, and better alignment between teams.

Explanation

To store the resulting output of your software applications in a container repository, you should add the "Deliver artifacts" stage next to your Build Pipeline in the Oracle Cloud Infrastructure (OCI) DevOps service. The "Deliver artifacts" stage is responsible for packaging and delivering the build artifacts to the desired destination, such as a container repository. It allows you to define the target location for storing the build artifacts and configure the necessary credentials or access controls to authenticate and authorize the delivery. By adding the "Deliver artifacts" stage, you ensure that the output of your build process is securely and reliably transferred to the container repository, making it available for deployment and further distribution as needed. Reference:

Explanation

When creating stages for an Oracle Kubernetes Engine (OKE) deployment pipeline, you are able to include the following actions within the pipeline stages themselves: Add a stage to apply the Kubernetes manifest to the Kubernetes cluster: This stage allows you to apply the desired Kubernetes manifest files that define the deployment configuration of your application to the OKE cluster. It ensures that the desired state of your application is reflected in the cluster. Add a stage to apply the container image to the Kubernetes cluster: This stage involves deploying the container image of your application to the OKE cluster. It ensures that the latest version of your application's container image is deployed and running in the cluster. Add a stage to deploy incrementally to multiple OKE target environments: This stage allows you to deploy your application incrementally to multiple OKE target environments, such as staging and production. It enables you to control the deployment process and ensure that the application is rolled out smoothly across different environments. Add a stage to deliver artifacts to an Oracle Cloud Infrastructure (OCI) Artifact Registry: This stage involves delivering the artifacts generated during the build process, such as container images or other artifacts, to the OCI Artifact Registry. The Artifact Registry provides a centralized location for storing and managing artifacts, making them easily accessible for deployment to OKE or other environments. Including these actions within the pipeline stages themselves helps streamline the deployment process and ensures that all necessary steps are included within the automated pipeline, minimizing the need for manual intervention or external processes.